基于夜间灯光数据的通州区社会经济发展动态分析

Analysis of Socio-Economic Development Dynamics in Tongzhou District Based on Nighttime Light Data

摘要: 通州区作为北京城市副中心与京杭大运河的北起点，其社会经济发展状况对区域协调发展具有重要参考价值。本文基于1984~2020年夜间灯光数据，构建了包含灯光总量、平均亮度、类动能和平均类动能的四维灯光指数体系，结合2006~2020年的常住人口、地区生产总值与空气污染物等统计数据，系统分析通州区社会经济发展变化，并与大运河北京段沿线其他六区(朝阳、西城、东城、海淀、昌平、顺义)进行比较。研究结果表明：1984~2020年间，通州区四项夜间灯光指数整体呈持续增长趋势，类动能自2000年起显著提升，夜间灯光总量于2004年后持续高于除昌平外的其他五区；平均亮度与平均类动能虽低于东城、西城等中心城区，但已高于昌平与顺义。夜间灯光指数变化趋势与2006~2020年通州区地区生产总值和常住人口的稳步增长、空气污染物浓度持续下降的统计结果相一致。研究验证了夜间灯光指数体系在多维度评估城镇发展中的有效性，为城镇可持续发展评估与区域政策制定提供科学参考。

Abstract: Tongzhou District, as a sub-center of Beijing and the northern starting point of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, holds significant reference value for regional coordinated development in terms of its socio-economic development. This study constructs a four-dimensional nighttime light index system comprising total light intensity, average brightness, kinetic-like energy, and average kinetic-like energy, based on nighttime light data from 1984 to 2020. By integrating statistical data such as resident population, gross regional product, and air pollutants from 2006 to 2020, this research systematically analyzes the socio-economic development changes in Tongzhou District and compares them with six other districts along the Beijing section of the Grand Canal (Chaoyang, Xicheng, Dongcheng, Haidian, Changping, and Shunyi). The results indicate that from 1984 to 2020, the four nighttime light indices in Tongzhou District showed an overall sustained growth trend: kinetic-like energy increased significantly since 2000, and total nighttime light intensity has remained higher than that of the other five districts except Changping since 2004. Although the average brightness and average kinetic-like energy are lower than those of central urban districts such as Dongcheng and Xicheng, they are higher than those of Changping and Shunyi. The changing trends of nighttime light indices are consistent with the statistical results of steady growth in Tongzhou’s gross regional product and resident population, along with the continuous decline in air pollutant concentrations from 2006 to 2020. This study verifies the effectiveness of the nighttime light index system in multi-dimensional assessment of urban development and provides scientific reference for sustainable urban development evaluation and regional policy formulation.