文化传承视域下非物质文化遗产发展困境探析——以甘肃社火为例

Analysis of the Development Dilemma of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Cultural Inheritance—A Case Study of Gansu Shehuo

摘要: 本文以甘肃非遗“社火”为案例，研究其传播影响因素、现状及发展策略。通过文献分析、问卷调查等方法，构建了社会环境、传播偏好和遗产吸引力三个维度的理论模型。研究发现，甘肃社火省内认知度高(85.37%)，但省外认知度低(47.46%)，存在地域壁垒。传承人断层(77%受访者认为)和年轻受众兴趣下降是主要挑战。公众普遍喜爱社火(66.67%非常喜欢)，支持创新(97%)，了解渠道以线下活动(84.13%)和传统媒体(76.19%)为主，表演艺术(95.24%)是核心吸引力。交叉分析显示，深度参与者更关注传承人培养和系统性支持；线上线下传播需协同，线下活动参与者对数字化传承支持度高(94.87%)。建议：1) 提升知名度，推动文创产品开发(84%支持率)和官方文旅合作；2) 推动创新，利用数字技术(AR/VR)和跨界合作机制；3) 明确政府角色，从“重宣传资金”转向“强化人才培养”，构建政府引导、技术赋能、社区共生的传承体系，实现活态传承与可持续发展。

Abstract: This article takes the intangible cultural heritage “Shehuo” from Gansu Province as a case study, exploring its influencing factors of dissemination, current status, and development strategies. Through methods such as literature analysis and questionnaire surveys, a theoretical model was constructed encompassing three dimensions: social environment, dissemination preferences, and heritage attractiveness. The study revealed that Gansu Shehuo has a high level of recognition within the province (85.37%), but low recognition outside the province (47.46%), indicating the existence of regional barriers. The main challenges identified are the succession gap of inheritors (77% of respondents believe this) and declining interest among younger audiences. The public generally enjoys Shehuo (66.67% very much), supports innovation (97%), and primarily learns about it through offline activities (84.13%) and traditional media (76.19%). Performing arts (95.24%) are the core attraction. Cross-analysis showed that deep participants are more concerned about the cultivation of inheritors and systematic support; online and offline dissemination need to be coordinated, and participants of offline activities have high support for digital inheritance (94.87%). Suggestion: 1) Enhance popularity, promote the development of cultural and creative products (with 84% support) and official cooperation in cultural tourism; 2) Promote innovation, leveraging digital technology (AR/VR) and cross-industry collaboration mechanisms; 3) Clarify the role of the government, shifting from “emphasizing promotional funds” to “strengthening talent cultivation”, and establish an inheritance system guided by the government, empowered by technology, and coexistent with the community, to achieve dynamic inheritance and sustainable development.