基于前馈控制的健康宣教模式在糖尿病性干眼患者中的构建与应用效果研究

Research on Construction and Application Effect of Health Education Model Based on Feedforward Control in Patients with Diabetic Dry Eye

摘要: 目的：分析前馈控制理念指导下的健康宣教模式对糖尿病性干眼症患者临床症状及康复效果的影响。方法：将80例糖尿病性干眼患者，随机分为对照组和观察组，各40例。对照组：接受常规健康宣教，基础疾病知识、人工泪液被动宣教。观察组：实施前馈制模式健康宣教，包括风险预测：基于血糖波动、用眼时长等数据预测干眼发生风险；行为预测干预：在症状加重前推送个性化宣教方案，如血糖–眼表关联性教育、眨眼训练提醒；环境调控指导：提前指导患者调整居家湿度及屏幕蓝光防护。比较两组干预前后的健康知识知晓情况评分、不良情绪评分、OSDI评分以及干眼相关眼部检查指标：泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌量(SIT)。结果：观察组干预后的健康知识知晓评分高于对照组干预后评分(P < 0.05)；干预后不良情绪评分低于对照组(P < 0.05)；干预后BUT及SIT临床指标高于对照组(P < 0.05)；干预后治疗有效率高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：临床对于2型糖尿病性干眼患者，采用基于前馈控制理念的健康宣教模式能有效提高患者健康知识水平，改善不良情绪，增加患者治疗依从性，改善眼表相关刺激症状，提高治疗效率。

Abstract: Objective: To analyse the impact of a health education model guided by the concept of feedforward control on the clinical symptoms and rehabilitation outcomes of patients with diabetic dry eye syndrome. Methods: Eighty patients with diabetic dry eye were randomly divided into two groups of 40 patients each: a control group and an observation group. Control group: Received conventional health education, including basic disease knowledge and passive education on the use of artificial tears. Observation group: Implemented a feedforward health education model, including Risk Prediction: Forecasting dry eye risk based on data such as blood glucose fluctuations and screen time. Behavioural Prediction Intervention: Providing personalised educational plans before symptoms worsen, e.g. education on the correlation between blood glucose and the ocular surface and blink training reminders. Environmental Control Guidance: Pre-emptively advising patients to adjust their home humidity levels and implement blue light protection for screens. We compared pre- and post-intervention scores for health knowledge, negative affect, OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) and dry eye-related ocular examination metrics, such as tear film break-up time (BUT) and tear secretion volume (TSV). Results: The observation group demonstrated the following: higher health knowledge scores after the intervention than the control group (P < 0.05); lower negative emotion scores after the intervention than the control group (P < 0.05); higher clinical indicators (BUT and SIT) after the intervention than the control group (P < 0.05); higher treatment efficacy rates after the intervention than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with type 2 diabetic dry eye syndrome, implementing a health education model based on the concept of feedforward control can effectively enhance health knowledge, improve negative emotions, increase treatment adherence, alleviate ocular surface-related irritation symptoms and enhance treatment efficacy.