深圳市产妇产后压力性尿失禁的发生现状及影响因素研究

A Study on the Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence for Postpartum Women in Shenzhen

摘要: 目的：探讨深圳市产妇产后压力性尿失禁(PSUI)的发生现状，并分析发生的影响因素。方法：采用横断面研究设计，于2025年1月至3月在深圳市某妇幼保健院通过便利抽样选取204名复诊产妇作为研究对象。使用国际尿失禁问卷简表(ICIQ-SF)评估尿失禁严重程度，并收集产妇的一般资料、生理因素、心理因素及社会支持水平等信息。数据结果运用SPSS23.0软件进行统计分析，采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、logistic回归分析等方法。结果：一般调查资料显示人群特征为年轻化、高学历，以初产妇为主，大部分产妇分娩方式为顺产。本研究中PSUI发生率为39.7%，其中轻度34.6%、中度51.8%、重度13.6%。单因素分析显示，分娩方式、产前尿失禁史、盆腔手术史、盆底肌受损、家族史的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示，剖腹产(OR = 0.342, 95% CI: 0.172~0.682)是PSUI的保护因素，有产前尿失禁史(OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.223~5.019)及尿失禁家族史(OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 2.179~9.611)是PSUI的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论：深圳市PSUI发生率较高，顺产、产前尿失禁及家族史是主要危险因素。

Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (PSUI) among postpartum women in Shenzhen and to analyze its influencing factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2025 at a Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Shenzhen. A total of 204 postpartum women attending follow-up visits were selected using convenience sampling. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) was used to assess the severity of urinary incontinence. General demographic information, physiological factors, psychological status, and social support levels were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0, including independent-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis. Result: General survey data indicate a population characterized by younger age, higher education level, predominantly primiparous women, with the majority of deliveries being vaginal. The prevalence of PSUI was 39.7%, with mild cases accounting for 34.6%, moderate 51.8%, and severe 13.6%. Univariate analysis showed that delivery mode, history of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, pelvic surgery, pelvic floor muscle injury, and family history of incontinence were significantly associated with PSUI (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that cesarean section was a protective factor (OR = 0.342, 95% CI: 0.172~0.682), while having a history of urinary incontinence during pregnancy (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.223~5.019) and a family history of incontinence (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 2.179~9.611) were independent risk factors for PSUI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of PSUI in Shenzhen is relatively high. Vaginal delivery, a history of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, and a family history of incontinence are the main risk factors.