多重PCR毛细管电泳法的应用及包头地区HPV感染亚型分布特征分析

Application of Multiplex PCR Capillary Electrophoresis and Analysis of HPV Infection Subtype Distribution Characteristics in Baotou Area

摘要: 目的：分析包头地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV病毒)感染亚型分布特征，讨论多重PCR毛细管电泳片段分析方法的应用价值。方法：择选2024年4月~2025年6月期间包头地区868例接受HPV亚型筛查女性作为研究对象(其年龄介于18~75岁，其中包含就诊患者520例，查体者348例)，运用多重PCR毛细管电泳片段分析方法开展HPV病毒感染亚型检测分析。以多重荧光定量PCR试剂盒为参考，通过测算卡方值判断多重PCR毛细管电泳片段分析方法的诊断效能，测算kappa值判断其检测结果一致性。结果：入选研究对象的HPV病毒总感染率测算数值为45.85%，其中高危亚型HPV病毒感染阳性率测算数值为35.48%，低危亚型HPV病毒感染阳性率测算数值为3.92%；HR-HPV与LR-HPV混合感染检出率测算数值为6.45%；单一亚型感染检出率测算数值为27.88%；多亚型感染检出率测算数值为17.97%。较为常见的HPV病毒感染亚型包含HPV52病毒亚型(9.68%)、HPV16病毒亚型(6.91%)和HPV58病毒亚型(6.91%)。查体者阳性率测算数值为45.40%，与就诊者阳性率测算数值54.76%接近，组间数据不具备统计学差别(χ² = 0.047, P > 0.05)。以多重荧光定量检测方法作为参考，多重PCR毛细管电泳片段分析方法的敏感度测算数值为92.96%，特异度测算数值为94.04%，kappa值为0.854。结论：多重PCR毛细管电泳片段分析方法在HPV病毒感染亚型检测分析过程中能展现较好效果，值得普及运用。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of female human papillomavirus (HPV) infection subtypes in Baotou area and discuss the application value of multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis method. Methods: From April 2024 to June 2025, 868 women (aged between 18 and 75, including 520 patients and 348 physical examiners) who were screened for HPV subtypes in Baotou area were selected as the research objects, and the HPV virus infection subtypes were detected and analyzed by multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis method. Taking multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR kit as a reference, the diagnostic efficiency of multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis method was judged by measuring chi-square value, and the consistency of detection results was judged by measuring kappa value. Results: The total infection rate of HPV virus was 45.85%, among which the positive rate of high-risk subtype HPV virus infection was 35.48%, and the positive rate of low-risk subtype HPV virus infection was 3.92%. The detection rate of mixed infection of HR-HPV and LR-HPV was 6.45%. The detection rate of single subtype infection was 27.88%. The detection rate of multi-subtype infection was 17.97%. The common subtypes of HPV infection include HPV52 (9.68%), HPV16 (6.91%) and HPV58 (6.91%). The calculated positive rate of physical examination was 45.40%, which was close to the calculated positive rate of patients (54.76%), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (χ² = 0.047, P > 0.05). Taking multiplex fluorescence quantitative detection method as reference, the sensitivity, specificity and kappa of multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis method are 92.96%, 94.04% and 0.854, respectively. Conclusion: Multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis method can show good results in the detection and analysis of HPV infection subtypes, and it is worth popularizing.