颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床治疗进展与策略

Clinical Treatment Progress and Strategy of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis

摘要: 颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis, ICAS)被认为是引发缺血性脑卒中的一个关键病因。由于其较高的发病率和致残率，该疾病受到了广泛的关注，并显著影响了患者的生命质量和健康状况。尽管影像学技术与治疗手段的不断进步使得该病的诊断与治疗策略得以不断优化，仍然面临着显著的个体差异以及治疗风险与疗效之间的平衡等多重挑战。本文对ICAS的病理机制及其临床表现进行了系统地回顾，重点总结了近年来在药物治疗、介入治疗以及外科手术治疗方面的研究进展。此外，文章还深入探讨了各类治疗方案的适应症、疗效及潜在并发症。同时，结合最新的临床研究数据，分析了个体化治疗方案的制定原则，旨在为临床实践提供科学和合理的治疗指导，进一步推动该疾病的规范化管理，从而提高患者的预后。

Abstract: Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS) is considered to be a key cause of ischemic stroke. Due to its high morbidity and disability rate, the disease has received extensive attention and has significantly affected the quality of life and health of patients. Although advances in imaging techniques and treatment methods have enabled the diagnosis and treatment strategies of the disease to be continuously optimized, it still faces multiple challenges such as significant individual differences and a balance between treatment risk and efficacy. In this paper, the pathological mechanism and clinical manifestations of ICAS are systematically reviewed, and the research progress in drug therapy, interventional therapy and surgical treatment in recent years is summarized. In addition, the article also discusses the indications, efficacy and potential complications of various treatment options. At the same time, combined with the latest clinical research data, the principles of individualized treatment plan were analyzed, aiming to provide scientific and reasonable treatment guidance for clinical practice, and further promote the standardized management of the disease, so as to improve the prognosis of patients.