CISG中根本违约的认定——以保加利亚A公司诉中国斯莱公司口罩机买卖合同纠纷案为视角

Identification of Fundamental Breach under the CISG—From the Perspective of the Bulgarian Company A vs. Chinese Silai Company Dispute over the Mask Machine Sales Contract

摘要: 国际贸易的欣欣向荣也增加了相关纠纷的发生频率，CISG也因此在国际货物买卖合同纠纷案件中被广泛应用。本文以近年的一则典型案例——保加利亚A公司与中国斯莱公司口罩机买卖合同纠纷案为视角，深入剖析了CISG中根本违约的认定问题。通过阐述根本违约与合同解除的关系，以明确根本违约与一般违约相比的特性所在；进而论述根本违约的客观要件与主观要件，并结合案情作了较全面的分析论证。最后，基于对根本违约的理论研究，分别从裁判者和买卖双方三者的视角给出了多维度的启示与指引。

Abstract: The flourishing expansion of international trade has increased the frequency of related disputes, leading to the widespread application of the CISG in cases concerning international sales contract disputes. Through the lens of a recent typical case—the dispute between Bulgarian Company A and Chinese Silai Company over the mask machine sales contract—this paper delves into the identification of fundamental breach under the CISG. By elucidating the relationship between fundamental breach and contract avoidance, the distinctive features of fundamental breach as compared to ordinary breaches are clarified. The study further examines the objective and subjective elements of fundamental breach, providing a comprehensive analysis based on the specifics of the case. Finally, grounded in theoretical research on fundamental breach, multi-dimensional insights and guidance are offered from the perspectives of adjudicators, buyers, and sellers respectively.