基于PEST分析法的电网企业功能定位研究

Research on the Functional Positioning of Power Grid Enterprises Based on PEST Analysis Method

摘要: 在“双碳”战略全面推进和新型电力系统加快构建的背景下，电网企业所处的运营环境正在发生深刻变革。传统以“电力基础设施运营商”为核心的功能定位，已难以适应政策导向、市场机制、社会需求与技术进步带来的系统性挑战。本文采用PEST分析法，从政治、经济、社会和技术四个维度系统梳理电网企业的运营环境，揭示“双碳”目标约束、市场化改革深化、用户需求多元分化以及数字化技术迭代对电网企业的综合影响。在此基础上，深入分析传统功能定位的局限性，指出其在新能源消纳能力、盈利逻辑、服务供给及数字化支撑等方面的适配性不足。研究进一步提出电网企业的战略转型方向，并重新定位电网企业的核心功能为“新型电力系统服务商”，构建了“基础服务(安全保供)–增值服务(价值挖掘)–拓展服务(生态构建)”三级功能体系。研究为电网企业在能源转型与市场化改革背景下的战略升级提供了理论参考，同时为能源行业功能重构研究提供了可借鉴的分析范式。

Abstract: Under the background of the comprehensive promotion of “Dual Carbon” strategy and the accelerated construction of new power system, the external environment of power grid enterprises is undergoing profound changes. The traditional functional orientation with “power infrastructure operators” as the core has been difficult to adapt to the systemic challenges brought by policy orientation, market mechanism, social needs and technological progress. Based on the PEST analysis framework, this study systematically examines the operational environment of power grid enterprises from political, economic, social, and technological dimensions. It reveals the integrated impacts of dual-carbon target constraints, deepening market-oriented reforms, diversified user needs, and rapid digital technological iteration. On this basis, the limitations of traditional functional positioning are analyzed in depth, and the lack of adaptability in new energy consumption capacity, profit logic, service supply and digital support is pointed out. The research further puts forward the strategic transformation direction of power grid enterprises, and repositions the core function of power grid enterprises as “new power system service provider”, and constructs a three-level functional system of “basic service (safety guarantee)-value-added service (value mining)-expansion service (ecological construction)”. This study offers theoretical insights for the strategic upgrading of power grid enterprises amid energy transition and marketization, while also providing an actionable analytical framework for functional repositioning within the energy industry.