老年医疗卫生服务模式研究

Research on Geriatric Healthcare Service Model

摘要: 目的：探讨如何构建我国的老年医疗卫生服务模式，以便更好地节约医疗资源、降低医疗费用和为老年人谋福祉。方法：通过文献调研、专家访谈和国内外参观考察等方式，调查了解国内外老年医疗卫生服务的现状，并结合我国的实际，提出构建我国老年医疗卫生服务模式的基本构架。结果：通过调研发现，我国现有的老年医疗卫生服务是以疾病为中心和以急性期的医疗服务为重点，缺乏必要的老年病急性前期和急性后期的医疗卫生服务，呈现出一种“纺锤型”的服务模式，造成极大的医疗资源浪费和医疗费用节节攀升的局面，不能合理有效地满足老年人的医疗卫生服务需求。结论：我国应构建“分层管理、无缝衔接和医养结合”的老年医疗卫生服务模式，既需加强老年病急性前期的健康促进、预防保健和慢病防控，也需加强老年病急性后期的中期照护、长期照护和临终关怀，尽可能构建一种“哑铃型”的老年医疗卫生服务模式。

Abstract: Objective: To explore how to build a geriatric healthcare service model in China in order to save medical resources, to reduce healthcare costs and to provide better well-being for the elderly. Methods: The exploratory methods, including the literature search, interviews with experts, and domestic and foreign hospital visits, etc., are utilized to investigate the status of domestic and foreign geriatric healthcare services, and the basic framework of national geriatric healthcare service model is put forward and established. Results: It’s found during investigation that the existing medical healthcare service model of our country is based on the disease itself, and mainly focuses on aged acute care. Therefore, it lacks the necessary pre-acute and post-acute care, which shows a “spindle-type” service model and causes great waste of medical resources and rising healthcare costs, and cannot effectively meet the needs of the elderly medical healthcare services. Conclusion: The geriatric healthcare services of our country should be established featuring layered management, seamless connection and the combination of medical treatment and life support. Not only the pre-acute geriatric health promotion, preventive care and chronic disease prevention and control need to be strengthened, but also the post-acute intermediate care, long-term care and hospice need to be strengthened, in order to construct a "dumbbell-type" geriatric healthcare service model.