芒市德昂族酸茶传承困境及其协同发展路径

The Inheritance Challenges of De’ang Ethnic Sour Tea in Mangshi and Its Collaborative Development Path

摘要: 德昂族酸茶制作技艺是联合国人类非物质文化遗产，承载着德昂族“茶图腾崇拜”的文化内核与社会生活功能，但其传承面临多重困境：传承人群体萎缩且培育受阻，政策落地存在认定繁琐、名额不足等结构性矛盾，文旅融合中产业规模小、标准化低、产业链短，多方主体协同存在断层。为破解困境，研究提出四大优化路径：加大技艺传承保护与宣传推广，构建“高校–传承人–社区”三维非遗教育协同体系，拓展产业链金融协同机制，创新文旅体验协同模式。最终需建立“政府引导、企业主导、社区参与”的多元共治模式，实现酸茶技艺活态传承，为同类非遗项目提供实践参照，助力民族地区乡村振兴与文化可持续发展。

Abstract: The production technique of De’ang sour tea is a UNESCO intangible cultural heritage, carrying the cultural core and social life function of De’ang’s “tea totem worship”. However, its inheritance faces multiple challenges: the decline of the inheritor group and obstacles to cultivation, structural contradictions such as cumbersome identification and insufficient quota in policy implementation, small industrial scale, low standardization, short industrial chain in cultural tourism integration, and gaps in multi-party collaboration. To solve the dilemma, four optimization paths have been proposed: increasing the protection and promotion of skill inheritance, constructing a three-dimensional intangible cultural heritage education collaborative system of “university inheritor community”, expanding the industrial chain financial collaborative mechanism, and innovating the cultural tourism experience collaborative model. Ultimately, it is necessary to establish a diversified co-governance model of “government guidance, enterprise leadership, and community participation” to achieve the dynamic inheritance of sour tea skills, provide practical reference for similar intangible cultural heritage projects, and help promote rural revitalization and sustainable cultural development in ethnic areas.