眉山市儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常现状分析

Analysis of the Current Situation of Spinal Curvature Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents in Meishan City

摘要: 目的：基于大规模中小学生脊柱弯曲异常筛查数据，分析其流行病学特征，包括总体检出率、性别差异、异常部位分布、年级趋势以及脊柱旋转角度(ATR)的分布情况，为制定针对性的校园防治策略提供科学依据。方法：于2025年，对59,490名中小学生进行脊柱弯曲异常筛查，计量资料的组内比较采用卡方检验。结果：共检出脊柱弯曲异常者8053人，总体检出率为13.54%。女生异常率(15.20%)显著高于男生(11.96%) (P < 0.01)。异常部位以腰段(84.29%)和胸腰结合段(79.50%)最为常见，且多表现为左高右低(66.03%)。脊柱弯曲异常率、ATR ≥ 5˚的检出率均呈现明显的年级差异，其中腰段ATR ≥ 5˚的比例最高(61.24%)。结论：本地区中小学生脊柱弯曲异常问题普遍，女生、中学生是高风险人群，腰段是异常高发部位。应重点关注初中生群体的体态不良问题，同时加强早期干预以阻止其进展。

Abstract: Objective: Based on large-scale screening data from primary and secondary school students, this study analyzes the epidemiological characteristics, including the overall detection rate, gender differences, distribution of abnormal segments, grade trends, and the distribution of the angle of trunk rotation (ATR), to provide a scientific basis for developing targeted school-based prevention and control strategies. Methods: 59,490 primary and secondary school students were screened for spinal curvature abnormalities in 2025. The chi-square test was used for intra-group comparison of measurement data. Results: A total of 8053 students were detected with spinal curvature abnormalities, yielding an overall detection rate of 13.54%. The abnormality rate was significantly higher in girls (15.20%) than in boys (11.96%) (P < 0.01). The lumbar segment (84.29%) and the thoracolumbar segment (79.50%) were the most common sites of abnormalities, and predominantly showing left-high and right-low asymmetry (66.03%). The detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities, and the detection rate of ATR ≥ 5˚ showed significant variation across grades, with the lumbar segment having the highest proportion of ATR ≥ 5˚ (61.24%). Conclusion: Spinal curvature abnormalities are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in this region, with female students and middle school students being high-risk groups, and the lumbar segment being the most frequent site of abnormality. The screening results suggest that spinal curvature problems worsen with advancing school stage. The issue of poor posture among middle school students should be given close attention, alongside strengthened early intervention.