南宁市高校女生对无痛分娩认知度和接受度调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Awareness and Acceptance of Painless Delivery among Female College Students in Nanning City

摘要: 目的：调查广西南宁市高校女大学生对无痛分娩技术的认知水平和接受意愿，分析其影响因素，为提高育龄期女性对无痛分娩的认知度及推广该技术提供理论依据。方法：采用横断面问卷调查研究。于2024年10月至2025年2月使用自行设计的问卷对南宁市各高校在校女生进行无痛分娩相关知识和态度的匿名调查，共收集问卷379份，剔除无效问卷后纳入有效问卷352份。数据采用Excel录入并用SPSS 20.0统计软件分析。计量资料以均数 ± 标准差表示，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：共纳入有效问卷352份，受访女生平均年龄为20.87 ± 1.35岁。高校女大学生对无痛分娩的认知水平总体偏低，仅有38.0%的受访者表示了解无痛分娩相关知识；但其对无痛分娩的接受意愿相对较高，有64.4%的受访者表示愿意在将来分娩时选择无痛分娩。受访者获取无痛分娩信息的主要途径为互联网和社交媒体，认为无痛分娩临床普及率低的原因主要包括宣传教育不足、传统观念影响、对技术副作用的顾虑以及未将无痛分娩纳入医疗保险等。统计分析显示，不同年级学生在对无痛分娩镇痛效果和风险认知方面存在显著差异(P < 0.05)，不同家庭收入和城乡来源对无痛分娩效果认知及相关政策态度也有影响(P < 0.01)，而医学与非医学专业学生之间的大多数认知和态度差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：南宁市高校女大学生群体对无痛分娩的认知度不足，但接受度较高。建议加强针对高校女性的无痛分娩知识科普和健康教育，通过互联网、新媒体及校园教育等渠道提升其认知水平，并完善无痛分娩相关政策支持(如医保报销制度)，以提高育龄期女性对无痛分娩的知晓率和利用率。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to investigate the awareness and willingness of female college students in Nanning, Guangxi, towards painless delivery technology, analyze influencing factors, and provide theoretical basis for enhancing women of childbearing age’s understanding of painless delivery and promoting this technology. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. From October 2024 to February 2025, a self-designed questionnaire was used to anonymously investigate knowledge and attitudes related to painless delivery among female students at various universities in Nanning. A total of 379 questionnaires were collected, and after excluding invalid responses, 352 valid questionnaires were included. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparisons, with P < 0.05 indicating statistically significant differences. Results: A total of 352 valid questionnaires were included, with an average age of 20.87 ± 1.35 years for the surveyed females. Overall, the awareness level of painless delivery among female college students is relatively low, with only 38.0% of respondents indicating they have knowledge about painless delivery; however, their willingness to accept it is relatively high, with 64.4% of respondents expressing a preference for choosing painless delivery in future childbirths. The primary sources of information for respondents regarding painless delivery are the internet and social media. They believe that the low clinical prevalence of painless delivery mainly stems from insufficient education and publicity, traditional beliefs, concerns about side effects of the technology, and the lack of inclusion of painless delivery in health insurance. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant differences in perceptions of the analgesic effects and risks of painless delivery among students of different grades (P < 0. 05), different family incomes and urban-rural origins also influence the perception of painless delivery effects and related policy attitudes (P < 0.01), while most cognitive and attitudinal differences between medical and non-medical students are not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Female college students in Nanning have insufficient awareness of painless delivery but a high acceptance rate. It is recommended to enhance knowledge dissemination and health education on painless delivery for female college students through internet, new media, and campus education channels, and to improve policy support for painless delivery (such as medical insurance reimbursement) to increase the awareness and utilization rate among women of childbearing age.