重庆市某区成年居民对阿尔茨海默病认知与态度特征的潜在剖面分析

Latent Profile Analysis of Cognitive and Attitudinal Characteristics towards Alzheimer’s Disease among Adult Residents in a District of Chongqing City

摘要: 目的：探究成年居民阿尔茨海默病认知–态度潜在类型及其影响因素，为设计有针对性的健康教育策略提供理论依据。方法：2024年9月~10月，采用方便抽样法，从九龙坡区招募1362名成年居民作为调查对象。采用一般资料表、阿尔茨海默病知识测评量表、痴呆态度量表进行调查。利用Mplus8.3软件对成年居民阿尔茨海默病认知态度特征进行潜在剖面分析。结果：成年居民对阿尔茨海默病的认知–态度特征可分为四类：“认知片面–态度中立型”(13.0%)、“认知中等–态度冷漠型”(11.6%)、“认知中等–态度矛盾型”(9.0%)和“认知广泛–态度中立型”(66.4%)。居住在城市、未接受过高等教育、未就业的成年居民更容易归入类别1。农村成年居民更容易归入类别2。农民、未就业者、其他劳动者、工人/职工/服务业人员及医疗卫生人员等职业群体等容易归入类别3。结论：成年居民对阿尔茨海默病的认知态度存在明显异质性。未来阿尔茨海默病公众教育应从单纯提升知晓率，转向认知质量提升与积极情感态度培育并重的发展路径，并结合城乡差异、教育背景和职业特征实施分层分类干预，以更有效地推动痴呆防控关口前移和痴呆友好型社会建设。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the latent types of cognition-attitude toward Alzheimer’s disease among adult residents and their influencing factors, to provide a theoretical basis for designing targeted health education strategies. Methods: From September to October 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 1362 adult residents from Jiulongpo District as survey respondents. The survey was conducted using a general information form, an Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Assessment Scale, and a Dementia Attitude Scale. Mplus8.3 software was employed to conduct latent profile analysis on the characteristics of cognition and attitudes towards Alzheimer’s disease among adult residents. Results: The cognition-attitude characteristics of adult residents towards Alzheimer’s disease could be categorized into four types: “Limited Cognition-Neutral Attitude” (13.0%), “Moderate Cognition-Indifferent Attitude” (11.6%), “Moderate Cognition-Conflicted Attitude” (9.0%), and “Broad Cognition-Neutral Attitude” (66.4%). Urban residents with no higher education and those who were unemployed were more likely to fall into Category 1. Rural residents were more prone to being classified into Category 2. Occupational groups such as farmers, the unemployed, other laborers, workers/employees/service industry personnel, and healthcare workers were more likely to be grouped into Category 3. Conclusion: There is significant heterogeneity in the cognitive attitudes of adult residents towards Alzheimer’s disease. In the future, public education on Alzheimer’s disease should shift from merely improving awareness rates to a development path that emphasizes both enhancing cognitive quality and fostering positive emotional attitudes. Additionally, stratified and categorized interventions should be implemented based on urban-rural differences, educational backgrounds, and occupational characteristics to more effectively promote the early prevention of dementia and the construction of a dementia-friendly society.