中医药治疗偏头痛的研究进展

Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Migraine Treatment

摘要: 偏头痛是一种常见的慢性神经血管性头痛疾病，其特征为反复发作的搏动性头痛，常伴有恶心、呕吐、光过敏和声音过敏等症状。目前的研究表明，偏头痛的全球患病率约为14%~15%，是导致全球残疾的第二大原因。目前，西医对偏头痛的治疗主要采用非甾体抗炎药、曲坦类药物、β受体阻滞剂、抗癫痫药、抗抑郁药和钙通道阻滞剂等药物治疗。上述药物治疗疗效较为单一，且伴随一系列不良反应。此外，现有药物对慢性偏头痛及合并焦虑抑郁的患者效果有限，因此迫切需要寻找更有效、安全的治疗方案。中医药在偏头痛治疗中有着悠久的历史和丰富的经验，中医将偏头痛归于“头风”、“偏头风”等范畴，认为其病因病机与外邪侵袭、脏腑功能失调、气血逆乱、脑脉瘀阻等因素相关。中医药治疗偏头痛采用中药、针灸、推拿等方法，具有疗效高、不良反应少的优势。本文系统综述了偏头痛的中医干预现状，分析其作用机制与临床价值，并针对当前研究的不足，对未来发展方向进行展望，以期为该领域的深入研究与临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Migraine is a common chronic neurovascular headache disorder characterized by recurrent pulsating headaches, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. Current research indicates a global prevalence of approximately 14% to 15%, making it the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Western medicine primarily employs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, triptans, beta-blockers, antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers for migraine treatment. However, these pharmacological interventions exhibit relatively limited efficacy and are associated with a range of adverse effects. Moreover, existing medications show diminished effectiveness in treating chronic migraines and patients with comorbid anxiety or depression, highlighting an urgent need for more efficacious and safer therapeutic approaches. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) boasts a long history and extensive experience in migraine treatment, classifying the condition under categories such as “head wind” or “lateral head wind”. TCM attributes migraine etiology and pathogenesis to factors like external pathogen invasion, visceral dysfunction, qi-blood disorder, and cerebral collateral stasis. TCM employs herbal medicine, acupuncture, and massage therapies for migraine treatment, offering advantages of high efficacy and fewer side effects. This paper systematically reviews the current status of TCM interventions for migraine, analyzes their mechanisms of action and clinical value, and proposes future research directions to address existing gaps, aiming to provide insights for further research and clinical practice in this field.