地膜覆盖下错位栽种对马铃薯根区土壤温湿度及产量的影响

Effects of Dislocation Planting under Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Humidity and Yield of Potato Root Zone

摘要: 【目的】由于新疆降水稀少、干旱缺水、蒸发大及土壤性质等因素对群众爱吃的粮食马铃薯产量受到影响，为解决此问题，该文提出节地的新技术。【方法】为解析新疆马铃薯根区土壤湿度，以马铃薯D47号作为材料，对D47号进行传统的沟灌(QGG)、无地膜覆盖单管滴水(WDG)、地膜覆盖单管滴水(MDG)、地膜覆盖双管滴水(MSDG)、地膜覆盖错位两行单管滴水(MCSDG)等5种试验。【结果】试验结果表明：在施有机肥的条件下，马铃薯D47号的产量按大小排位：MCSDG > MSDG > MDG > WDG > QGG，地膜不仅保持根区土壤温度及湿度，而且保持土壤疏松度，有利于增产。【结论】马铃薯的产量不仅气候条件、土壤性质、水质有关，而且栽种模式及灌水方式也有密切的关系。

Abstract: [Objective] Due to the lack of precipitation, drought and water shortage, large evaporation and soil properties in Xinjiang, the yield of food potatoes, which people like to eat, is affected. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward new technology for land saving. [Method] In order to analyze the soil moisture of potato root zone in Xinjiang, taking potato D47 as the material, five experiments were carried out on it, such as traditional furrow irrigation (QGG), single-pipe drip without plastic film mulching (WDG), single-pipe drip with plastic film mulching (MDG), double-pipe drip with plastic film mulching (MSDG) and single-pipe drip with plastic film mulching in two rows (MCSDG). [Result] The results showed that under the condition of applying organic fertilizer, the yield of potato D47 ranked in order of size: MCSDG > MSDG > MDG > WDG > QGG, and the plastic film not only kept the soil temperature and humidity in the root zone, but also kept the soil porosity, which was beneficial to increase production. [Conclusion] The yield of potato is not only related to climatic conditions, soil properties and water quality, but also closely related to planting patterns and irrigation methods.