上海市普陀区老年人社区居家养老服务供需失衡问题研究

Study on the Imbalance between Supply and Demand of Community-Based Home Care Services for the Elderly in Putuo District, Shanghai

摘要: 随着我国老龄化加速，2035年将步入重度老龄化社会，社区居家养老因能联结多方、提供就近服务，成为应对养老挑战的核心方式。本文从供需视角，以上海市普陀区为样本，通过问卷、访谈及文献调研，探析其社区居家养老服务供需失衡问题及成因，并提出优化方案。研究发现，普陀区存在服务供给不足、质量参差、结构失衡等困境，根源在于老年人传统观念、家庭养老支撑弱化、社区资源整合度低及政府政策不完善。结合相关理论，本文建议：家庭成员承担基础照护责任，社区打破资源壁垒并推进家庭适老化改造，政府强化财政保障与政策优化，推动养老服务标准化。期望为完善社区居家养老体系提供参考，助力实现老年群体“老有所养、老有所依、老有所安”，保障社会和谐稳定。

Abstract: As China’s population aging accelerates, the country will enter a severely aging society by 2035. Community-based home care has become a core approach to addressing aging-related challenges, as it connects multiple stakeholders and provides accessible, nearby services. From the supply-demand perspective, this paper takes Putuo District of Shanghai as a case study, and explores the problems and causes of the supply-demand imbalance in its community-based home care services, as well as proposes optimization solutions, through questionnaires, interviews and literature research. The study reveals that Putuo District faces difficulties including insufficient service supply, uneven service quality, structural imbalance and information mismatch. These issues stem from the elderly’s traditional concepts, the weakened supporting role of family care, low integration of community resources and inadequate government policies. Drawing on relevant theories, this paper puts forward suggestions: family members should take responsibility for basic care; communities should break resource barriers and promote home aging-adaptation renovations; the government should strengthen financial support and policy optimization to advance the standardization of elderly care services. It is expected to provide reference for improving the community-based home care system, help realize the goal of “the elderly having proper care, support and security”, and safeguard social harmony and stability.