电子商务平台安全保障义务的体系化构建

Systematic Construction of Security Guarantee Obligation in Electronic Commerce Platform

摘要: 在电子商务平台不断壮大的背景之下，《电子商务法》第38条规定的电子商务平台安全保障义务引发了学界的广泛思考。从安全保障义务的理论基础出发，《电子商务法》第38条与《民法典》相关条款紧密相关，从中可看出电子商务平台的安全保障义务已从事后补救转向事前预防与事中监控的主动治理。文章从交易阶段维度，系统阐释了安全保障义务的核心内容，并提出以善良管理人原则、合理期待原则与比例原则为核心的履行标准，强调在消费者权益保护与平台经济发展间寻求平衡。针对“相应的责任”，本文主张构建以过错责任为归责原则的弹性责任体系，原则上适用补充责任，特定情形下适用连带责任，并建议通过举证责任倒置规则破解消费者维权困境。

Abstract: Against the background of the continuous growth of e-commerce platforms, the E-Commerce Law, the 38th provision of e-commerce platform security guarantee obligations triggered a wide range of thinking. Based on the theoretical basis of the obligation of security guarantee, the article 38 of E-Commerce Law is closely related to the relevant provisions of Civil Code, from which we can see that the obligation of safety and security of E-commerce platform has been shifted from post-remedy to pre-prevention and in-process monitoring. The article explains the core contents of the security guarantee obligation from the perspective of stages of the transaction, proposes the performance standard centering on the principles of good manager, reasonable expectation and proportionality, and emphasizes seeking a balance between the protection of consumers’ rights and interests and the development of the platform economy. As for the “corresponding liability”, this article argues that a flexible liability system with fault liability as the liability principle should be established, which should apply supplementary liability in principle and apply joint and several liability under special circumstances. It also suggests that the rule of inversion of burden of proof should be adopted to resolve the plight of consumers in protecting their rights.