吸附法处理含Pb(Ⅱ)废水的研究进展

Research Advances of Pb(Ⅱ) Contaminated Wastewater Treatment by Adsorption Method

摘要: 水体中的Pb²⁺污染对人体健康及生态系统都有着严重危害，含Pb²⁺废水的处理已经越来越受到人们的关注。吸附法是指利用吸附剂与杂质、色素物质、有毒物质、产品之间分子引力的差异，从而起到分离净化作用方法。本文对吸附法去除重金属Pb²⁺污染的研究和应用现状进行了综述，首先简要介绍了吸附法除Pb²⁺的特点，重点综述了活性炭、天然有机吸附剂、天然无机吸附剂和合成吸附剂去除Pb²⁺的性能、特点和研究进展。其次对吸附剂吸附Pb²⁺的影响因素、吸附机理、吸附等温式和吸附动力学模型等进行概述。吸附法去除重金属的原理主要是通过表面吸附、表面沉积、离子交换或静电吸引。论文最后提出通过改性制备高效吸附剂和加强对吸附剂解吸作用的研究等建议。

Abstract: Pb²⁺ pollution in water exerts great risks on human health and ecosystem, and Pb²⁺ pollution prevention has been recognized as a globally environmental challenge. Therefore, the removal of Pb²⁺ from contaminated water has been brought into focus around the world. Adsorption method refers to the use of adsorbent and impurities, pigment substances, toxic sub-stances and product difference between molecular attractions, thus it plays the role of separation and purification method. In this paper, the sorbents widely used for heavy metal Pb²⁺ removal are reviewed at first. The principle and characteristics of adsorption were briefly introduced, and the performance, the features and the corresponding research advance of various kinds of Pb²⁺ adsorbents including active carbon, natural organic adsorbents, natural inorganic adsorbent and synthetic adsorbent are systemically reviewed. The sorption performance, influencing factors, mechanisms, pretreatment and modeling of sorption (isotherm and kinetic models) have been discussed in detail. The recommendations of making efficient adsorbent by modification and enhancing the research of the adsorbent desorption effect were proposed at the end.