社区居家养老服务与社会工作介入路径探析

An Exploration of Community Home-Based Elderly Care Services and Social Work Intervention Paths

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化持续深化、养老服务体系建设成为社会重要议题。社区居家养老作为一种以家庭为基础、社区为依托、专业服务为支撑的养老模式，在缓解家庭养老压力、优化社会资源配置方面展现出显著优势。然而，该模式在推广与实践过程中仍面临服务供给碎片化、专业人才短缺、区域发展不平衡等结构性困境，严重制约其效能发挥。本文基于社会支持理论，深入剖析社区居家养老服务体系建设中的核心问题，从微观、中观、宏观三个层面系统提出社会工作的介入路径，旨在通过专业化、组织化与制度化的方式，增强服务的协同性、覆盖的公平性与发展的可持续性，为推动我国养老服务体系的完善提供重要的理论参考与实践启示。

Abstract: As population aging in China continues to deepen, the construction of an elderly care service system has become an important social issue. Community-based home care, a pension model based on families, supported by communities, and underpinned by professional services, has demonstrated remarkable advantages in alleviating the pressure of family caregiving and optimizing the allocation of social resources. However, in the process of promotion and practice, this model still faces structural dilemmas such as the fragmentation of service supply, the shortage of professional talents, and unbalanced regional development, which have seriously restricted its effectiveness. Based on the social support theory, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the core issues in the construction of the community-based home care service system, and systematically proposes social work intervention paths from the micro, meso, and macro levels. It aims to enhance the coordination of services, the fairness of coverage, and the sustainability of development through professionalization, organization, and institutionalization, so as to provide important theoretical references and practical insights for promoting the improvement of China’s elderly care service system.