社会工作介入老年癌症患者家庭照顾者现存困境及其对策研究

A Study on the Intervention of Social Work in the Existing Dilemmas and Countermeasures for Family Caregivers of Elderly Cancer Patients

摘要: 随着人口老龄化与癌症发病率攀升，老年癌症患者家庭照顾者群体规模持续扩大，其面临的多维度压力已成为突出社会问题。本文以生态系统理论为分析框架，将城乡差异作为核心主线，聚焦老年癌症患者家庭照顾者，系统剖析城乡照顾者在身心状态、生活功能、照护能力、社会支持及心理应对等方面的现存困境及差异特征，结合社会工作专业理念与方法，提出针对性破解策略。研究既通过城乡比较丰富老年社会工作干预理论的应用维度，为社会工作理论在特殊群体服务中的实践提供学理支撑；又通过完善差异化干预路径助力照顾者缓解压力、提升照护技能，为基层社工提供参考，推动照顾者支持服务本土化落地，具有重要理论与现实意义。

Abstract: With the aging population and rising cancer incidence, the growing number of family caregivers for elderly cancer patients has become a prominent social issue due to multidimensional pressures. Using ecosystem theory as an analytical framework and urban-rural disparities as the core focus, this study systematically examines the existing challenges and differential characteristics among caregivers in both urban and rural areas regarding physical/mental health status, life functioning, caregiving capacity, social support, and psychological coping mechanisms. By integrating professional social work concepts and methodologies, targeted solutions are proposed. The research not only enriches the application dimensions of elderly social work intervention theory through urban-rural comparisons, providing theoretical support for social work practices in serving vulnerable groups, but also enhances differentiated intervention pathways to help caregivers alleviate stress and improve caregiving skills. These findings offer valuable references for grassroots social workers and promote the localization of caregiver support services, carrying significant theoretical and practical implications.