我国离婚损害赔偿制度适用研究

Research on the Application of China’s Divorce Damage Compensation System

摘要: 自十八大以来，中国社会对离婚损害赔偿问题的重视逐渐增强，然而，离婚损害赔偿问题仍然是一个复杂的社会议题。例如在婚姻中的无过错方难以举出有效的证据，离婚损害赔偿制度对于兜底条款的适用范围模糊，赔偿数额认定标准不合理等，同时法律规定承担离婚损害赔偿责任的主体限于婚姻当事人这一范围也很狭窄。通过援引不同学者对举证义务的分担、兜底条款适用范围、赔偿数额认定标准以及承担责任主体范围的观点，分析得出何者观点更适用于我国离婚损害赔偿制度。针对以上困境给出了完善我国离婚损害赔偿制度适用的具体建议，例如通过实行举证责任倒置和司法机关适当介入等方式来完善举证责任体系，通过颁布指导性案例和明确法官的自由裁量权来明确法律适用标准，综合全面认定物质损害和精神损害赔偿数额以及将承担离婚损害赔偿责任的主体扩大到第三方。

Abstract: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Chinese society has paid increasing attention to the issue of divorce damage compensation, yet this issue remains a complex social topic. For instance, innocent parties in a marriage find it difficult to present valid evidence; the scope of application of the catch-all clause in the divorce damage compensation system is ambiguous; the criteria for determining the amount of compensation are unreasonable; meanwhile, the scope of subjects liable for divorce damage compensation as stipulated by law is overly narrow, being limited to the parties to the marriage. By citing different scholars’ viewpoints on the allocation of burden of proof, the scope of application of the catch-all clause, the criteria for determining compensation amount and the scope of liable subjects, this paper analyzes and concludes which viewpoints are more applicable to China’s divorce damage compensation system. In response to the above predicaments, specific suggestions for improving the application of China’s divorce damage compensation system are put forward, such as improving the burden of proof system by implementing inversion of the burden of proof and appropriate intervention of judicial organs; clarifying the standards of legal application by issuing guiding cases and defining judges’ discretionary power; comprehensively determining the amount of compensation for material and spiritual damages; and expanding the subjects liable for divorce damage compensation to third parties.