新疆库尔勒机场近十年地面风及低能见度统计特征分析

Analysis of Statistical Characteristics of Surface Wind and Low Visibility in Xinjiang Korla Airport in Recent Ten Years

摘要: 为深入分析新疆库尔勒机场地面风、主导能见度特征，为机场地面风及能见度精细化预报提供科学依据，以提高在大风及低能见度天气下机场运行的应对能力，利用库尔勒机场2011~2020年自动气象观测系统资料，利用统计学方法对机场地面风与低能见度进行统计分析。结果表明库尔勒机场地面风与低能见度有明显的季节、日变化特征，机场全年主导东北偏北风(22%)，春末夏初最强，5月平均风速7.9 m/s，≥15 m/s大风年均16.7 d，≥20 m/s极端阵风0.7 d，皆集中于3~9月。低能见度(<1000 m)年均6.0 d，呈“冬雾春沙”双峰，持续<1 h占43 %，最长6~12 h仅0.3次。风向日变显著，05~06与13~14 UTC转换；风速峰值03~04、08~09 UTC。

Abstract: In order to deeply analyze the characteristics of surface wind and dominant visibility in Korla airport in Xinjiang, provide scientific basis for the fine forecast of surface wind and visibility in the airport, and improve the response ability of airport operation under strong wind and low visibility weather, the data of automatic meteorological observation system in Korla airport from 2011 to 2020 were used to analyze the surface wind and low visibility of the airport by statistical method. The results show that the surface wind and low visibility of Korla airport have obvious seasonal and daily variation characteristics. The airport dominates the north-northeast wind (22%) throughout the year, and the strongest in late spring and early summer. The average wind speed in May is 7.9 m/s, the gale of ≥15 m/s is 16.7 d per year, and the extreme gust of ≥20 m/s is 0.7 d, all of which are concentrated from March to September. The annual average of low visibility (<1000 m) was 6.0 d, showing a double peak of “winter fog and spring sand”, 43 % of which lasted < 1 h, and the longest 6~12 h was only 0.3 times. The diurnal variation of wind direction is significant, 05~06 and 13~14 UTC conversion ; the peak wind speed is 03~04 UTC and 08~09 UTC.