近十年国内腰痛患者的热点与趋势研究——基于CNKI文献关键词的可视化分析

Hotspots and Trends in Research on Low Back Pain Patients in China over the Past Decade—A Visualization Analysis Based on CNKI Keyword Data

摘要: 目的：探究腰痛患者的研究热点与发展趋势，为临床康复实践与后续研究提供理论依据与数据支持。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI)中关于腰痛患者的相关文献。基于中国知网(CNKI)数据库，采用文献计量学与可视化分析方法，运用CiteSpace软件对2015年12月10至2025年12月10日间，在中国知网关于“腰痛患者”的相关中文文献篇名进行模糊检索，共检索753篇。为保证问题分析的全面性和研究结果的准确性，将专题导语、书讯信息、选题信息、会议新闻、会议综述等进行剔除去重，最终共筛选出587篇有效(CNKI)文献。将相关文献以Refworks的格式导出，借助文献计量工具CiteSpace 6.3R1，完成数据转换。在参数上将时间跨度设置为2015年至2025年，时间切片设为1年。节点类型设置为关键词(keyword)，数据阈值(top N slice)设置为50，参数k设置为25。以关键词共现、聚类、时间线图和突变词分析，绘制知识图谱以揭示该领域的研究热点、主题演变与前沿趋势。结果：共纳入相关文献587篇的期刊，研究表明，“腰痛”、“疼痛”、“下腰痛”、“慢性腰痛”等为当前研究高频关键词，显示出研究主题疼痛，而疼痛容易出现在腰部，这与人们的生活习惯有着密切的联系，从图谱中发现治疗腰痛的主要方法是中医疗法加运动疗法。结论：从图谱中可知疼痛是热点话题，而疼痛中以腰痛为主，从关键词的突现图来看，前期(2015~2016年)的腰痛主要以腰椎间盘突出为主，在后期(2023~2025年)腰痛主要的原因为炎症反应，从时间线图来看，前期的治疗方法主要是中医治疗，逐步从功能康复和中西医结合方向演进。未来研究应加强循证实践基础，推动跨学科融合，并关注传统功法与现代康复技术的结合，以提升干预效果和理论体系的完整性。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the research hotspots and developmental trends in studies on patients with low back pain (LBP), and to provide theoretical evidence and data support for clinical rehabilitation practice and future research. Methods: Relevant Chinese literature on patients with low back pain was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Based on the CNKI database, using bibliometric and visualized analysis methods, CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was employed to analyze Chinese articles with fuzzy title searches related to “low back pain patients” published in CNKI between December 10, 2015 and December 10, 2025. A total of 753 records were initially retrieved. To ensure comprehensive analysis and accurate results, non-research items such as topic introductions, book information, topic notices, conference news, and conference reviews were excluded and duplicates were removed, yielding 587 valid (CNKI) articles. The selected literature was exported in Refworks format and converted using the bibliometric tool CiteSpace 6.3R1. The time span was set from 2015 to 2025 with a one-year time slice. The node type was set as keywords, the threshold (top N per slice) was set to 50, and the parameter k was set to 25. Keyword co-occurrence, clustering, timeline, and burst analyses were conducted to generate knowledge maps and reveal research hotspots, thematic evolution, and frontier trends in this field. Results: A total of 587 journal articles were included in the analysis. The results showed that “low back pain”, “pain”, “lower back pain”, and “chronic low back pain” were high-frequency keywords in current research, indicating that pain remains the central research theme. Pain is most commonly localized in the lumbar region and is closely related to lifestyle factors. The knowledge maps revealed that the main therapeutic approaches for low back pain are traditional Chinese medicine therapies combined with exercise therapy. Conclusion: The visualized knowledge maps indicate that pain is the core research hotspot, with low back pain being the predominant focus. Keyword burst analysis shows that early studies (2015~2016) mainly emphasized lumbar disc herniation as the primary cause of low back pain, whereas recent studies (2023~2025) increasingly attribute low back pain to inflammatory responses. Timeline analysis suggests that treatment strategies have evolved from predominantly traditional Chinese medicine approaches in the early period toward functional rehabilitation and integrative Chinese-Western medicine. Future research should strengthen evidence-based practice, promote interdisciplinary integration, and focus on combining traditional exercise therapies with modern rehabilitation techniques to enhance intervention effectiveness and improve the completeness of the theoretical framework.