数字归纳推理认知成分的眼动研究

An Eye-Movement Study of Cognitive Component in Numerical Inductive Reasoning

摘要: 以往行为实验研究认为数字归纳推理中包含识别(Recognition of memorized series)、计算(Calculation)、检查(Checking)三个子成分，但是仅给出了其存在的反应时和正确率的证据。由于眼动技术能实时地反映视觉加工过程，因此，本研究采用2(序列类型：计数、非计数) × 3(规则有效性：有效、无效、异常)实验设计，通过Tobii T120眼动仪，记录15名被试解决数字完型任务时的眼动模式。本研究的目的是通过眼动指标检验这三个子成分的存在。结果表明：计数类型任务的注视时间、注视次数、回视次数显著或边缘显著小于非计数类型；有效任务的注视时间、注视次数、回视次数显著或边缘显著小于无效任务。这些结果与研究假设是一致的，首次给出了数字归纳推理中识别、计算、检查三个子成分存在的眼动证据。

Abstract: Based on the reaction time and accuracy, previous behavioral study has proposed that there are 3 sub-components involved in numerical inductive reasoning, i.e., recognition of memorized series, calculation, and checking. Eye-movement technology has the advantages of reflecting the real-time visual processing, thus, the present study aims at providing eye-movement evidences of the 3 sub- components in number-series completion problems. A 2 (series type: counting, non-counting) × 3 (rule effectiveness: true, invalid, anomalous) study was performed to 15 participants by Tobii T120 eye tracker. The results showed that for the counting series and true series, the fixation duration, fixation count, and the number of regression were significantly less than those of the non- counting series and the invalid series. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis and firstly provide the eye movement evidence for the existence of the 3 sub-components in numerical inductive reasoning.