现代中西医治疗腺样体肥大的研究现状与展望

Current Research and Prospects in the Treatment of Adenoid Hypertrophy with Modern Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

摘要: 腺样体肥大作为儿童上呼吸道常见疾病，全球患病率达35%~70%，严重影响儿童身心健康。腺样体肥大不仅导致鼻塞、打鼾、张口呼吸等局部症状，还可引起阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、分泌性中耳炎、鼻窦炎等多种并发症，严重影响儿童的生长发育、智力发展和生活质量。现代医学认为，腺样体作为Waldeyer淋巴环的重要组成部分，在儿童免疫系统发育中发挥重要作用，其肥大主要与免疫功能失调、反复感染、过敏反应等因素相关，可采用手术、药物进行治疗。中医虽无“腺样体肥大”的病名，但根据其临床表现，将其归属于“痰核”、“鼻窒”、“鼾眠”等范畴，与肺脾气虚、痰瘀互结，本虚标实有关。在临床中常采用中药内服、针灸、推拿、穴位贴敷、中药熏蒸等进行治疗。本研究旨在通过系统分析近年来腺样体肥大的中西医诊疗文献，全面梳理其病因病机、治疗方法等最新进展，探讨中西医治疗的优势与前景，为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Adenoid hypertrophy, a common upper respiratory tract disease in children, has a global prevalence rate of 35%~70%, severely affecting children’s physical and mental health. This condition not only causes local symptoms such as nasal obstruction, snoring, and mouth breathing but also leads to complications like obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, secretory otitis media, and sinusitis, significantly impairing children’s growth, intellectual development, and quality of life. Modern medicine recognizes adenoids as a crucial component of Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring, playing a vital role in the development of the immune system. Adenoid hypertrophy is primarily associated with immune dysfunction, recurrent infections, and allergic reactions, and can be treated surgically or medically. Although traditional Chinese medicine lacks a specific diagnosis for “adenoid hypertrophy,” it classifies the condition under categories such as “tumorous masses,” “nasal obstruction,” and “snoring sleep,” linking it to lung-spleen qi deficiency, phlegm-stasis interlocking, and underlying deficiency with secondary excess. Clinically, treatments often include oral Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, acupoint application, and herbal fumigation. This study aims to systematically analyze recent literature on the diagnosis and treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in both Western and traditional Chinese medicine, comprehensively reviewing the latest advancements in etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches, while exploring the strengths and prospects of both medical systems to provide clinical practice references.