舌下免疫治疗对儿童过敏性鼻炎合并过敏性结膜炎的疗效探讨

Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Children with Allergic Rhinitis Complicated with Allergic Conjunctivitis

摘要: 目的：探讨舌下免疫治疗对儿童过敏性鼻炎合并过敏性结膜炎的临床疗效。方法：选取2024年10月~2025年5月就诊安徽医科大学第二附属医院的过敏性鼻炎合并过敏性结膜炎的4~12岁患儿110例，按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组，各55例，给予对照组常规药物治疗，研究组在对照组用药基础上给予舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂治疗。比较两组患儿的疗效、鼻眼部症状评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、不良反应。结果：治疗组治疗的总有效率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后，研究组鼻眼部症状评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。研究组仅1例出现轻微口腔黏膜瘙痒，未予特殊处理，随疗程自行缓解，无严重不良反应发生；对照组未出现不良反应。结论：舌下免疫治疗能显著改善鼻炎和结膜炎症状评分，提高患者生活质量。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in children with allergic rhinitis complicated by allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: A total of 110 children with allergic rhinitis complicated by allergic conjunctivitis who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2024 to May 2025 were selected. They were divided into a control group and a study group with 55 cases in each group according to the random number table method. The control group was given conventional drug treatment, and the study group was given sublingual administration of Dermatophagoides farinae drops on the basis of the medication in the control group. The efficacy, nasal and ocular symptom scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). After treatment, the nasal and ocular symptom scores and VAS scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Only 1 case in the study group had mild oral mucosal itching, which was not given special treatment and relieved spontaneously with the course of treatment, and no serious adverse reactions such as anaphylactic shock occurred; no adverse reactions occurred in the control group. Conclusion: Sublingual immunotherapy can significantly improve the scores of rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms, and improve the quality of life of patients.