二次创作短视频合理使用规则的适用困境及破解路径

The Dilemma of Applying the Rules of Fair Use of Secondary-Created Short Video and the Way to Solve It

摘要: 合理使用规则作为平衡著作权人与二次创作者利益的关键机制，在推动文化多样性和创新表达方面发挥了积极作用，但其在实际应用中也引发了一系列著作权侵权问题与合理使用的争议。司法实践中，法院在处理二次创作短视频的合理使用问题时，面临法律界定的模糊性、判断标准的不明确性，以及多种判断标准的混淆使用等困境。有必要明确合理使用的判定标准，包括对现有法律条文中的模糊概念进行具体化解释，以及对合理使用的具体情形进行类型化分析；同时建立二次创作者与著作权人之间的收益共享机制，旨在通过经济激励实现双方利益的平衡，从而促进我国网络环境下短视频产业的健康发展。

Abstract: As an important mechanism to balance the interests of copyright owners and users of pre-existing works, fair use rules have played a positive role in promoting cultural diversity and innovative expression. However, in practice, the explosive production of secondary-created short videos is triggering a series of disputes over copyright infringement and fair use. In judicial practice, courts often face difficulties such as ambiguous legal provisions, unclear judgment standards, and the mixed use of multiple judgment standards when dealing with the issue of fair use of secondary-created short videos. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the standards for determining fair use, including providing specific interpretations of ambiguous concepts in existing legal provisions and categorically analyzing specific situations of fair use. At the same time, a revenue-sharing mechanism between secondary creators and copyright holders should be established to achieve a balance of interests through economic incentives and promote the healthy development of the short video industry.