牙槽骨再生治疗中生长因子应用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Growth Factors in Alveolar Bone Regeneration Therapy

摘要: 牙槽骨吸收是牙周炎致牙齿脱落的核心病理环节，其功能性再生是临床治疗的重点。传统骨再生技术效果常受限于宿主自我修复能力。生长因子疗法通过精准调控细胞行为与局部微环境，为牙槽骨再生提供了新策略。本文系统综述了骨形态发生蛋白、血小板衍生生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等关键生长因子的作用机制及其在牙槽骨再生中的应用。从体外实验、动物实验和临床试验三个层面，分析了单一因子、复合因子及与载体结合等应用方式的疗效与局限，并对已上市产品的临床证据进行评述。同时，本文详细讨论了生长因子的控释技术机制及其优劣，比较了不同生长因子的临床特性，以增强临床指导价值。最后探讨了当前疗法在浓度优化、递送系统及安全性等方面面临的挑战，提出多因子协同、智能材料开发及个性化治疗等未来方向，以期为相关研究和临床转化提供参考。

Abstract: Alveolar bone resorption is the core pathological link leading to tooth loss in periodontitis, and its functional regeneration is the focus of clinical treatment. The effectiveness of traditional bone regeneration techniques is often limited by the host’s self-repair capabilities. Growth factor therapy provides a new approach for alveolar bone regeneration by precisely regulating cell behavior and the local microenvironment. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms of action of key growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor-2, as well as their applications in alveolar bone regeneration. From the perspectives of in vitro experiments, animal experiments, and clinical trials, the efficacy and limitations of single factors, composite factors, and applications combined with carriers are analyzed, and the clinical evidence of marketed products is reviewed. Furthermore, the specific mechanisms of growth factor controlled-release technologies and their pros and cons are discussed in detail. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of different growth factors is provided to enhance clinical guidance. Finally, the challenges faced by current therapies in terms of concentration optimization, delivery systems, and safety are discussed, and future directions such as multi-factor synergism, smart material development, and personalized treatment are proposed, with the aim of providing a reference for related research and clinical translation.