增强CT在胸腺瘤鉴别诊断中的研究进展
Research Progress of Contrast-Enhanced CT in the Differential Diagnosis of Thymoma
摘要: 胸腺瘤作为前纵隔最常见的原发性肿瘤，约占该区域肿瘤的50%。目前，增强CT (CECT)虽是评估其解剖位置、形态特征及侵袭性的主要影像学手段，但在临床实践中仍面临挑战。胸腺瘤的影像特征常与高密度胸腺囊肿、淋巴瘤等存在重叠，导致了较高的误诊率。据报道，临床上不必要的胸腺切除率高达22%~68%。针对常规增强CT的局限，定量影像分析、影像组学及深度学习等新兴技术为提升诊断精度提供了新思路。本文将重点综述这些技术在基于增强CT的胸腺瘤鉴别诊断中的研究进展与临床应用价值。
Abstract: Thymoma is the most common primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum, accounting for approximately 50% of tumors in this region. Currently, although contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) serves as the primary imaging modality for evaluating the anatomical location, morphological characteristics, and invasiveness of thymomas, it faces challenges in clinical practice. The imaging features of thymomas frequently overlap with those of high-density thymic cysts, lymphomas, and other entities, resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis. It has been reported that the rate of unnecessary thymectomies ranges from 22% to 68%. To address the limitations of conventional CECT, emerging technologies such as quantitative imaging analysis, radiomics, and deep learning have provided new approaches to enhance diagnostic accuracy. This article reviews the research progress and clinical utility of these technologies in the CECT-based differential diagnosis of thymomas.
文章引用：杨童, 张诚, 吴庆琛. 增强CT在胸腺瘤鉴别诊断中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 1369-1376. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162523

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