基于病理生理机制的血栓后综合征生物标志物研究进展

A Review of Biomarker Research for Post-Thrombotic Syndrome Based on Mechanisms of Pathology and Physiology

摘要: 血栓后综合征(PTS)是深静脉血栓(DVT)最常见且严重的长期并发症，目前缺乏有效的早期预测手段。其病理生理机制涉及纤溶功能低下、炎症反应、静脉壁重塑及持续高凝等多个环节。近年来，能够反映上述病理过程的生物标志物在PTS预测中展现出重要潜力，已成为现有临床评估体系的重要补充，也面临特异性不足、检测标准化欠缺等挑战。本综述梳理纤溶系统、炎症反应、静脉重塑及高凝状态四类生物标志物的研究进展；分析其临床证据、应用价值与当前局限，并指出未来应致力于构建联合预测模型、开展动态监测研究及推动检测标准化进程。

Abstract: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common and serious long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), for which there is a lack of effective early prediction. The pathology and physiology mechanism of PTS involves the combination of fibrinolytic function, inflammatory response, venous remodeling and persistent hypercoagulation. In recent years, biomarkers that can objectively reflect pathological processes have shown significant potential in the prediction of PTS. It has become an important supplement to the existing clinical assessment system, whilst still facing challenges in this field such as feasibility and insufficient specificity. This review summarizes the research progress of indicators of fibrinolytic system, inflammatory response, venous remodeling and hypercoagulability; analyses the pathological basis, clinical evidence, application value and current limitations of the four types markers; and it highlights future research directions toward constructing multi-biomarker predictive models, implementing dynamic monitoring, and advancing standardized testing.