纤维喉镜吞咽功能评估在不同人群吞咽障碍中的临床应用进展：从儿童到老人

Advances in the Clinical Application of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) in Different Populations with Dysphagia: From Children to the Elderly

摘要: 吞咽障碍为多种疾病的常见并发症，包括儿童时期发生的先天性或发育性异常、成人神经系统疾病、头颈部肿瘤患者的结构改变和老年人群的退行性病变，严重影响了人们的日常生活质量。纤维喉镜吞咽功能评估(FEES)是诊断吞咽障碍的金标准之一，在不同年龄段人群和各种病因引起的吞咽障碍人群中具有重要的诊断价值及临床指导意义。然而，由于FEES技术缺乏标准化操作、评估指标不统一及与其他检测手段的协同应用困难等问题，检查结果可能存在一定误差，这也影响了FEES在临床上的推广应用。本文总结了FEES在上述不同人群吞咽障碍中的应用现状，并结合最新的研究报道，旨在为临床医生和研究人员提供有价值的参考依据，为优化FEES技术、拓展其临床应用提供指导方向。

Abstract: Dysphagia is a common complication of numerous conditions, including congenital or developmental abnormalities occurring in childhood, neurological disorders in adults, structural alterations in patients with head and neck tumours, and degenerative changes in the elderly population. It significantly impacts individuals’ quality of daily life. Fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) stands as one of the gold standard methods for diagnosing dysphagia, offering substantial diagnostic value and clinical guidance across different age groups and for dysphagia arising from various aetiologies. However, the lack of standardised operating procedures for FEES, inconsistencies in assessment criteria, and difficulties in integrating it with other diagnostic modalities may introduce variability in results, thereby limiting its widespread clinical adoption. Drawing upon recent research findings, this paper summarises the current application of FEES in assessing dysphagia across the aforementioned populations and aims to provide valuable reference material for clinicians and researchers, offering guidance for optimising FEES techniques and expanding their clinical utility.