间歇性禁食对肥胖和代谢综合征的作用及机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects and Mechanisms of Intermittent Fasting on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

摘要: 随着肥胖与代谢综合征(Metabolic Syndrome, MetS)在全球范围内的高发流行，与之相关的疾病负担也日益加重。传统饮食与药物干预策略存在局限性。间歇性禁食(Intermittent Fasting, IF)作为一种周期性限制能量摄入的膳食模式，凭借其在改善代谢健康方面的潜力，已成为营养学与代谢病领域的研究热点。研究表明，IF能有效减轻体重，显著降低空腹血糖、血压、血脂等MetS核心指标。其改善代谢的作用涉及多重机制，包括增强胰岛素敏感性、诱导白色脂肪褐变与产热、改善能量代谢、减轻慢性低度炎症、调控线粒体生物发生和自噬，以及重塑肠道菌群等。本综述系统总结了IF对肥胖与MetS的作用效果及其潜在分子机制，旨在为肥胖与MetS的临床饮食干预策略提供参考依据。

Abstract: With the high global prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the associated disease burden continues to rise. Traditional dietary and pharmacological intervention strategies have limitations. Intermittent fasting (IF), as a dietary pattern involving periodic energy restriction, has emerged as a research focus in nutrition and metabolic disease due to its potential for improving metabolic health. Recent studies indicated that IF effectively reduces body weight and significantly lowers core MetS indicators such as fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids. The beneficial metabolic effects of IF are mediated through multiple mechanisms, such as enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis, optimizing energy metabolism, attenuating chronic low-grade inflammation, regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy, and modulating the gut microbiota. This review systematically summarizes current evidence on the effects of IF on obesity and MetS and elucidates the underlying molecular pathways, thereby offering a scientific foundation for the application of IF in dietary interventions against these conditions.