IL-6及免疫衰老与老年肺癌免疫治疗的研究 现况
IL-6 and Immunosenescence in the Current Research on Immunotherapy for Elderly Lung Cancer Patients
摘要: 肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的首要原因，其发病率和死亡率在老年人群中尤为突出。随着人口老龄化的加速，老年肺癌患者已成为临床诊疗的主要群体，但其治疗却因老年人的机体生理功能衰退、合并症多以及独特的免疫衰老状态而面临严峻挑战。免疫衰老是伴随年龄增长出现的免疫系统功能进行性衰退和慢性低度炎症状态，它不仅削弱了机体的肿瘤免疫监视，更可能深刻影响以免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的肺癌免疫治疗效果。白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)作为连接免疫衰老与肿瘤进展的核心炎症因子，在塑造免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境、介导免疫治疗中发挥关键作用。本文系统综述了老年肺癌的流行病学与治疗困境、免疫衰老的核心机制及其对肺癌免疫治疗的影响，并重点阐述了IL-6在其中扮演的双刃剑角色。最后，本文展望了以IL-6为靶点、联合免疫治疗等新型策略的未来方向，旨在为优化老年肺癌的个体化免疫治疗提供理论依据和思路。
Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence and mortality rates particularly high among the elderly. As population aging accelerates, elderly lung cancer patients have become the main group in clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, their treatment faces severe challenges due to age-related physiological decline, multiple comorbidities, and unique immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is the progressive deterioration of immune system function and chronic low-grade inflammatory state that occurs with aging. It not only weakens the body’s tumor immune surveillance but may also profoundly affect the efficacy of lung cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a core inflammatory factor linking immunosenescence and tumor progression, plays a key role in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and mediating immune therapy. This paper systematically reviews the epidemiology and treatment challenges of elderly lung cancer, the core mechanisms of immunosenescence, and its impact on lung cancer immunotherapy, with a focus on the dual role IL-6 plays in this context. Finally, the paper discusses future directions for novel strategies such as IL-6-targeted and combination immunotherapies, aiming to provide theoretical support and insights for optimizing individualized immunotherapy in elderly lung cancer patients.
文章引用：李思岩, 朱冰. IL-6及免疫衰老与老年肺癌免疫治疗的研究 现况 [J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 1976-1984. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162593

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