新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎肠道功能与屏障损伤相关生物标志物研究进展
Research Progress on Biomarkers Related to Intestinal Function and Barrier Injury in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
摘要: 新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(Necrotizing Enterocolitis, NEC)是新生儿期特有的急性肠道炎症性疾病，以肠黏膜屏障损伤、肠道功能紊乱为核心病理特征，早产儿发病率高达5%~16%，病死率20%~50%，存活患儿常遗留肠狭窄、神经发育迟缓等后遗症。早期诊断是降低病死率、改善预后的关键，但传统诊断方法存在明显局限性。系统梳理肠道功能与屏障损伤相关生物标志物的分类、分子机制、诊断效能、临床应用现状及研究进展，为NEC的早期识别、病情分级、治疗监测及预后评估提供全面的循证参考。
Abstract: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute intestinal inflammatory disease specific to the neonatal period, with intestinal mucosal barrier injury and intestinal dysfunction as core pathological features. The incidence rate is as high as 5%~16% in preterm infants, and the mortality rate ranges from 20% to 50%. Surviving infants often suffer from sequelae such as intestinal stenosis and neurodevelopmental delay. Early diagnosis is crucial for reducing mortality and improving prognosis, but traditional diagnostic methods have obvious limitations. This article systematically summarizes the classification, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic efficacy, clinical application status and research progress of biomarkers related to intestinal function and barrier injury, aiming to provide comprehensive evidence-based references for the early identification, disease grading, treatment monitoring and prognostic evaluation of NEC.
文章引用：卫颖蕾, 郭振华. 新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎肠道功能与屏障损伤相关生物标志物研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 2058-2064. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162603

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