养老护理员情绪劳动影响因素的范围综述

Influencing Factors of Emotional Labor among Elderly Care Workers: A Scoping Review

摘要: 目的：对养老护理员情绪劳动的影响因素进行范围综述，并梳理其现状水平与测量方法，以期为养老服务机构优化管理策略、改善护理员情感健康提供参考。方法：系统检索知网、PubMed等6个中英文数据库中关于养老护理员情绪劳动的文献，检索时限为自建库至2025年8月1日，由2名研究者独立对文献进行筛选和资料提取。结果：共纳入21篇文献，其中横断面研究10篇，质性研究10篇，混合研究1篇。结果显示，养老护理员情绪劳动总体处于中高水平，其测量多采用Grandey量表，共识别出25个影响因素，依据社会生态学理论将其归纳为4个层面：个人层面(心理弹性、职业认同等)、组织层面(工作负荷、组织支持等)、互动层面(家属反馈、情感连接等)和社会文化层面(职业污名、孝道文化等)。结论：本研究揭示了养老护理员情绪劳动影响因素的系统性与复杂性。启示管理者采取基于上述理论框架的系统性管理策略，协同改善各层面环境，以有效减轻护理员情感负担，保障照护质量的可持续提升。

Abstract: Objective: To conduct a scoping review on the influencing factors of emotional labor among elderly care workers, and to summarize its current status and measurement methods, with the aim of providing references for elderly care service institutions to optimize management strategies and improve the emotional well-being of caregivers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six Chinese and English databases, including CNKI and PubMed, for literature on the emotional labor of elderly care workers from the inception of each database until August 1, 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data. Results: A total of 21 articles were included, comprising 10 cross-sectional studies, 10 qualitative studies, and 1 mixed-methods study. The results indicated that the overall level of emotional labor among elderly care workers is moderate to high, with Grandey’s scale being the most frequently used measurement tool. Twenty-five influencing factors were identified and categorized into four levels based on social ecology theory: individual (e.g., psychological resilience, professional identity), organizational (e.g., workload, organizational support), interactive (e.g., feedback from family members, emotional connection), and socio-cultural (e.g., occupational stigma, filial piety culture). Conclusion: This review reveals the systematic and complex nature of the factors influencing emotional labor among elderly care workers. It suggests that managers should adopt systematic management strategies based on the identified multi-level framework and collaboratively improve the environment across these levels to effectively alleviate the emotional burden on elderly care workers and ensure the sustainable enhancement of care quality.