液–液相分离在肝细胞癌中的研究进展
Advances in Research on Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
摘要: 蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子在细胞内可通过液–液相分离，依赖多价相互作用形成动态、无膜的液体凝聚物，从而构建相对独立的功能区室，参与转录调控、信号转导等重要生命过程。近年来，越来越多的研究揭示，液–液相分离在肝细胞癌的发生、发展及转移中发挥着突出作用，它通过影响关键信号通路、重塑肿瘤微环境、介导癌相关基因的表达调控，进而驱动肿瘤的恶性进展。基于此，靶向液–液相分离过程的新兴治疗策略正逐渐浮出水面，为肝癌干预提供了潜在新靶点。因此，系统阐明液–液相分离在肝细胞癌中的具体作用机制，对于开发新型抗肿瘤策略具有重要意义。本文将从液–液相分离发生的生物物理学基础、其在肝细胞癌中的分子机制与病理功能，以及相关临床转化前景等方面展开综述，以期为肝细胞癌的精准治疗与药物研发提供新的思路和方向。
Abstract: Proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomacromolecules can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation within cells, forming dynamic, membrane-less liquid condensates through multivalent interactions. These condensates establish relatively independent functional compartments involved in critical biological processes such as transcriptional regulation and signal transduction. In recent years, growing evidence has revealed that liquid-liquid phase separation plays a prominent role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. It drives malignant tumor progression by influencing key signaling pathways, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and mediating the expression regulation of cancer-related genes. Consequently, emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the liquid-liquid phase separation process are gradually surfacing, offering potential novel targets for hepatocellular carcinoma intervention. Therefore, systematically elucidating the specific mechanisms of liquid-liquid phase separation in hepatocellular carcinoma holds significant importance for developing novel anti-tumor strategies. This review will summarize the biophysical basis of liquid-liquid phase separation, its molecular mechanisms and pathological functions in hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as the prospects for clinical translation, aiming to provide new insights and directions for precision therapy and drug development in hepatocellular carcinoma.
文章引用：张凯旋, 范钟辰, 程昊宇, 曹学峰, 张兴元. 液–液相分离在肝细胞癌中的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 2417-2425. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162646

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