基于网络药理学和分子对接分析麦角固醇治疗 脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的作用机制
To Analyze the Mechanisms of Ergosterol in the Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.162653, PDF, HTML, XML,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 马 涛:青岛大学药学院,山东 青岛;日照市人民医院药学部,山东 日照;赵 涛*:日照市人民医院中心实验室,山东 日照
关键词: 麦角固醇脓毒症急性肺损伤网络药理学分子对接Ergosterol Sepsis Acute Lung Injury Network Pharmacology Molecular Docking
摘要: 目的:通过网络药理学和分子对接技术,分析麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤(sepsis induced acute lung injury, SI-ALI)的潜在靶点和作用机制。方法:通过PharmMapper、Stitch、TCMSP、Herb、SEA 数据库收集麦角固醇的药物靶点,在GeneCards、OMIM、TTD数据库筛选脓毒症和急性肺损伤相关疾病靶点,利用Venny 2.1.0平台提取三者交集靶点,运用STRING平台构建交集靶点的蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,预测核心靶点,通过Metascape数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析及京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。由Auto Dock软件进行分子对接,利用PyMOL将分子对接结果进行可视化处理。结果:本研究共筛选出327个麦角固醇相关靶点,9876个急性肺损伤相关靶点以及3804个脓毒症相关靶点,三者取交集共得到159个关键靶点。经过二次筛选后确定四个核心靶点(AKT1, NFKB1, STAT3, IFNG)。GO/KEGG富集分析显示,这些靶点显著富集于炎症反应调控、细胞分解代谢、类固醇代谢等生物学过程,麦角固醇可能通过凋亡、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、PI3K-Akt信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等通路治疗SI-ALI。分子对接结果显示麦角固醇与AKT1、NFKB1、STAT3、IFNG等核心靶点具有较强的结合能力。结论:麦角固醇可能通过多成分、多靶点、多途径治疗SI-ALI,我们初步探究了麦角固醇治疗SI-ALI的有效成分和分子机制,并通过分子对接进行初步验证。
Abstract: Objective: The potential targets and mechanisms of ergosterol in the treatment of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI) were analyzed through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: The drug targets of ergosterol were collected by PharmMapper, Stitch, TCMSP, Herb and SEA databases. The drug targets of ergosterol were collected by PharmMapper, Stitch, TCMSP, Herb and SEA databases. The targets of sepsis and acute lung injury were screened in GeneCards, OMIM and TTD databases. Venny 2.1.0 platform was used to extract the intersection targets. STRING platform was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersection targets to predict the core targets. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets through the Metascape database. The molecular docking was performed by Auto Dock software, and the molecular docking results were visualized by PyMOL. Results: A total of 327 ergosterol-related targets, 9876 acute lung injury-related targets and 3804 sepsis-related targets were screened in this study. A total of 159 key targets were obtained from the intersection. Four core targets (AKT1, NFKB1, STAT3, IFNG) were identified after two screenings. GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these targets were significantly enriched in biological processes such as inflammatory response regulation, cell catabolism, and steroid metabolism. Ergosterol may treat SI-ALI through signaling pathways such as apoptosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt, and HIF-1. Molecular docking results showed that ergosterol had strong binding ability with AKT1, NFKB1, STAT3, IFNG. Conclusions: Ergosterol may treat SI-ALI through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway. We preliminarily explored the effective components and molecular mechanism of ergosterol in the treatment of SI-ALI, and preliminarily verified by molecular docking.
文章引用:马涛, 赵涛. 基于网络药理学和分子对接分析麦角固醇治疗 脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的作用机制[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(2): 2478-2485. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.162653

1. 引言

脓毒症相关急性肺损伤(sepsis induced acute lung injury, SI-ALI)是脓毒症引发的严重并发症,以全身炎症反应失衡、肺部通透性增加、难治性低氧性血症和肺水肿为核心特征[1] [2]。在临床上,SI-ALI主要以机械通气为治疗手段,尚未开发出特定的药物进行治疗,因此找出针对脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的药物具有重要的临床意义。麦角固醇是一种植物来源的维生素D,具有抗炎、治疗肺部疾病、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等作用[3]。我们推测麦角固醇对SI-ALI可能有治疗作用,利用网络药理学和分子对接的方法来分析麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关肺损伤的潜在可能并挖掘其中的深层机制,为后续动物实验以及临床应用提供理论基础。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 有效成分、靶点以及交集靶点的获取

通过中医药整合药理学研究平台(Integrative Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TCMIP)和查找相关文献来收集麦角固醇的有效成分;运用SwissTarget-Prediction平台(http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/)、TCMIP收集麦角固醇有效成分已证实的靶点以及根据有效成分结构预测的靶点。应用Uniprot (https://www.uniprot.org)来匹配获取的靶点所对应的symbol和对应编号。以“Sepsis”“Acute Lung Injury”为关键词,分别在OMIM数据库(https://www.omim.org)以及GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org)中搜索与脓毒症和急性肺损伤相关的靶点。应用在线工具微生信平台(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/),获得麦角固醇、脓毒症以及急性肺损伤三者的交集靶点,并绘制韦恩图。

2.2. 构建蛋白质–蛋白质相互作用网络、筛选核心靶点并可视化

在STRING 12.0 数据库(https://www.string-db.org)中构建蛋白质–蛋白质相互作用(Protein-Protein Interaction, PPI)网络,生物种类设定为智人、分数选择默认值0.4,并去除离散的个体将构建好的PPI网络导入Cytoscape3.9.1中绘制可视化图,并利用cytoNCA插件筛选出核心靶点。

2.3. 基因本体论功能分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析

运用R4.4.1软件中的BiocManager包进行基因本体论功能分析(Gene Ontology, GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)。其中GO分析分别从基因的细胞组分(Cellular Component, CC)、生物过程(Biological Process, BP)、分子功能(Molecular Function, MF)方面进行注释;KEGG分析从基因参与的通路方面进行注释。两者都以基因比率(Gene Ratio)作为横轴、通路名称为纵轴、气泡颜色代表P值(P value)大小,气泡大小代表基因数量(Count),绘制气泡图。

2.4. 分子对接

选取PPI网络中筛选出来的核心靶点,在PDB数据库(https://www.rcsb.org)中下载各个核心靶点蛋白结构的pdb文件;在PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中下载麦角固醇各个有效成分的mol2文件。在Pymol软件中对核心靶点蛋白进行去水、去除配体等预处理。按顺序将靶点蛋白以及有效成分文件导入AutoDockTools 1.5.7软件中进行加氢、设置对接盒子及参数等操作,利用得到的参数计算各有效成分与靶点蛋白的结合强度,并将对接结果在Pymol中进行可视化处理。大部分文献认为结合能 < 0 kcal/mol的分子就可自行结合,数值越小结合力越强;当结合能 ≤ −5 kcal/mol时,可认为该化学成分可与靶点有效结合,≤−7.0 kcal/mol表示结合的非常稳固[4]

3. 结果

3.1. 麦角固醇及脓毒症相关急性肺损伤靶点筛选结果

通过PharmMapper、Stitch、TCMSP、Herb、SEA数据库检索,筛选及去除重复项后得到麦角固醇327个潜在的药物靶点。通过GeneCards、OMIM、TTD数据库检索,筛选及去除重复项后得到9876个急性肺损伤相关靶点以及3804个脓毒症相关靶点。利用Venny 2.1.0平台将麦角固醇药物靶点、急性肺损伤相关靶点及脓毒症相关靶点制作韦恩图,得到麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的159个潜在作用靶点(见图1(A))。通过Cytoscape3.9.1绘制“药物–靶点–疾病”网络图(见图1(B))。

Figure 1. Venn diagram (A) and drug-target-disease network diagram (B) of the intersection of ergosterol, sepsis and acute lung injury

1. 麦角固醇、脓毒症和急性肺损伤交集靶点韦恩图(A)及“药物–靶点–疾病”网络图(B)

3.2. 麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤作用靶点的PPI网络

将159个交集基因上传至STRING数据库获得麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的共同靶点PPI的互作关联图(见图2(A)),并通过Cytoscape进行可视化的PPI网络图(见图2(B))。利用CytoNCA对靶点进行二次筛选,最终筛选出4个靶点,分别是AKT1、NFKB1、STAT3、IFNG (见图2(C)图2(D))。

Figure 2. Interaction diagram (A), PPI network diagram (B) and core target screening diagram (C, D) of ergosterol in the treatment of sepsis-related acute lung injury

2. 麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤互作关联图(A)、PPI网络图(B)、核心靶点筛选图(C, D)

3.3. GO功能富集分析及KEGG通路富集分析

使用clusterProfiler包对PPI网络中的目标进行GO和KEGG分析。经过GO富集分析发现,涉及生物学过程(BP) 2300个,主要包括炎症反应调控、细胞分解代谢、类固醇代谢等生物学过程;涉及细胞组分(CC) 80个,主要包括细胞顶端部分、内吞膜泡、血浆脂蛋白颗粒等细胞组分;涉及分子功能(MF) 161个,主要包括DNA结合转录因子结合、甾体结合、NADP结合等分子功能。按照P值从小到大排序,我们将CC、MF和BP前10个条目进行可视化描述(图3)。

Figure 3. GO enrichment analysis

3. GO富集分析

Figure 4. KEGG enrichment analysis

4. KEGG富集分析

经过KEGG通路富集分析发现,得到155条信号通路。主要涉及凋亡、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗、EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药、PI3K-Akt信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等信号通路。按照P值从小到大排序,选取前20条通路进行可视化描述(见图4)。

3.4. 分子对接

将麦角固醇分别与筛选出来的4个核心靶点(AKT1, NFKB1, STAT3, IFNG)进行分子对接,并进行可视化处理(见图5)。利用Autodock1.5.7软件计算麦角固醇与核心靶点的结合能,AKT1 (−8.0 kcal/mol)、NFKB1 (−6.8 kcal/mol)、STAT3 (−7.2 kcal/mol)、IFNG (−7.0 kcal/mol) (见表1)。

Figure 5. Molecular docking results

5. 分子对接结果

Table 1. Docking results of ergosterol and core targets

1. 麦角固醇与核心靶点对接结果

靶点

结合能(kcal/mol)

AKT1

−8.0

INFG

−7.0

NFKB1

−6.8

STAT3

−7.2

4. 讨论

本研究基于网络药理学和分子对接方法,分析了麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的潜在作用机制。麦角固醇通过多靶点、多通路的方式发挥治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤,体现了中药治疗的“多靶点–多通路”的整体调节特点。

本研究发现麦角固醇与脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的共同靶点159个,通过CytoNCA对靶点进行二次筛选,发现蛋白激酶B (AKT1)、核因子kappa B亚基1 (NFKB1)、信号转导与转录激活因子3 (STAT3)、干扰素γ (IFNG)。AKT1是PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路的核心组分,具有Thr308和Ser473双磷酸化激活特征,该蛋白包含PH结构域、激酶结构域和调控尾端,通过磷酸化p21、FOXOs等靶蛋白参与细胞周期调控、凋亡抑制及代谢重编程[5] [6]。研究发现[7],化湿败毒颗粒通过调节AKT1-FOXO3a信号通路减轻LPS诱导的内皮细胞损伤。NFKB1是NF-κB/Rel蛋白家族的一员,编码p50蛋白参与多种生物学过程,包括炎症翻译、应激反应、B细胞发育和淋巴器官形成[8]。NFKB1在调节免疫反应和炎症过程中发挥关键作用,其异常激活与多种疾病的发生发展有关,包括自身免疫疾病、炎症性疾病和某些类型的癌症,是药物开发的重要靶点[9]。研究发现[10],去甲汉黄芩素通过抑制Src/AKT1/NF-κB信号通路减轻LPS诱导的急性肺损伤。

STAT3是STAT蛋白家族成员,编码的蛋白质包含SH2结构域、DNA结合域等功能区域,其通过细胞因子(IL-6、IFN等)或生长因子(EGF等)诱导的磷酸化形成二聚体,转入细胞核调控靶基因表达,参与细胞增殖、凋亡及免疫调节等过程[11]。研究发现[12],TREM2通过SHP1/STAT3通路抑制铁死亡减轻脓毒症诱导的急性肺损伤。PLD2缺失通过调节PA/STAT3磷酸化通路减轻脓毒症诱导的ALI中紧密连接的破坏[13]。IFNG是一种细胞因子,对免疫系统具有重要作用,通过激活JAK信号通路,调节免疫细胞的活性[14]。研究发现[15],阻断IFN-γ的治疗干预在SI-ALI小鼠模型和细胞模型中都显著减轻了肺损伤指标。

GO富集分析表明,麦角固醇可能作用于炎症反应调控、细胞分解代谢、类固醇代谢等生物学过程,细胞顶端部分、内吞膜泡、血浆脂蛋白颗粒等细胞组分,以及DNA结合转录因子结合、甾体结合、NADP结合等分子功能来发挥治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤。KEGG富集分析表明,麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的信号通路涉及凋亡、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、胰岛素抵抗、EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药、PI3K-Akt信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等信号通路。脂质代谢通过调控细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等多种过程在SI-ALI治疗中具有重要作用[16]。PI3K-AKT信号通路在治疗SI-ALI中起着关键作用,该通路在诱导促炎细胞因子的分泌,促进炎症细胞向肺部募集在脓毒症相关肺损伤中起重要作用[17]。HIF-1信号通路是细胞在低氧环境下调节代谢和生理反应的关键机制[18]。研究表明[19],HIF-1α/HO-1通路通过影响铁中毒介导的脂质过氧化治疗急性肺损伤。上述的许多通路都和细胞凋亡相关,细胞凋亡在疾病发展过程中起到关键作用。这些通路错综复杂构成了一个庞大的网络,共同参与到疾病的发生和发展。

综上所述,本研究通过网络药理学和分子对接技术,初步探讨了麦角固醇治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的潜在机制。麦角固醇可能作用于AKT1、NFKB1、STAT3、IFNG等脓毒症相关急性肺损伤相关靶点来调控凋亡、PI3K-Akt信号通路、HIF-1信号通路等机制,从而发挥治疗脓毒症相关急性肺损伤的作用。

基金项目

泰山学者青年专家(tsqn202211380)。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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