中医外治法治疗间质性肺病的临床研究综述

A Review of Clinical Studies on Treating Interstitial Lung Disease with External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 为系统梳理中医外治法治疗间质性肺病(ILD)的临床研究进展，总结有效治疗方案及疗效特点，为临床诊疗提供参考，本文检索近年国内外相关文献，围绕针刺、穴位贴敷、灸法、中医康复疗法及埋线疗法、中药离子导入、穴位注射等其他外治法，从治疗机制、临床疗效指标、安全性等方面进行归纳分析。结果显示，中医外治法通过经络调节、气血调和等作用，可改善ILD患者肺功能、降低炎症因子水平、缓解咳嗽、气促等临床症状，且与西药联合使用时能进一步增强疗效、减少不良反应。不同外治法各具优势，其中穴位贴敷、温针灸等在临床应用广泛且疗效确切。综上，中医外治法治疗ILD疗效显著、安全性高，具有独特临床价值，但现有研究存在样本量小、缺乏统一诊疗规范等问题，需进一步开展高质量研究以推动其规范化应用。

Abstract: To systematically sort out the clinical research progress of external therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), summarize effective treatment schemes and curative effect characteristics, and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, this paper retrieves relevant domestic and foreign literatures in recent years. Focusing on TCM external therapies such as acupuncture, acupoint application, moxibustion, TCM rehabilitation therapy, catgut embedding therapy, traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis, and acupoint injection, a comprehensive analysis is conducted from the aspects of therapeutic mechanism, clinical efficacy indicators, and safety. The results show that through the effects of meridian regulation and qi-blood harmony, TCM external therapies can improve lung function, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, and relieve clinical symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath in ILD patients. When combined with western medicine, they can further enhance curative effect and reduce adverse reactions. Different external therapies have their own advantages, among which acupoint application and warm acupuncture are widely used in clinical practice with definite curative effects. In conclusion, TCM external therapy has significant curative effect and high safety in the treatment of ILD, and has unique clinical value. However, existing studies have problems such as small sample size and lack of unified diagnosis and treatment standards. It is necessary to further carry out high-quality research to promote its standardized application.