安徽省宿州市儿童屈光不正的流行病学 研究

Epidemiological Study of Children Ametropia in Suzhou City, Anhui Province

摘要: 目的：了解并分析安徽省宿州市儿童的屈光不正现状，为儿童近视防控保健工作提供依据。方法：横断面研究。采用整群抽样的方法抽取安徽省宿州市6所小学、2所幼儿园的儿童进行屈光筛查。对纳入对象行视力、裂隙灯以及非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光检查，并对检查结果进行统计分析。结果：共筛查10,343例，男生5649例，女生4694例，其中屈光异常4788例，检出率46.29%；近视4357例，检出率42.13%，其中男生2348例，女生2009例；幼儿园、小学1~6年级的各年级屈光不正检出率分别为：21.43%、24.48%、41.82%、50.13%、63.19%、66.89%、73.52%，各年级屈光不正检出率呈上升趋势(P < 0.001)；各年级近视检出率分别为：19.13%、19.46%、36.86%、46.01%、59.30%、63.76%、70.89%，各年级近视检出率呈上升趋势(P < 0.001)；幼儿园及1年级轻、中、重近视人数无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，2~6年级近视严重程度呈增加趋势(P < 0.001)；女生的近视检出率为42.80%，男生为41.56%，女生近视的机会是男生的1.03倍，各年级不同性别的近视严重程度检出率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：宿州市儿童屈光不正检出率、近视检出率以及近视严重程度呈现随年龄增大而增加的趋势。儿童近视问题不容忽视，须加强对儿童视力的管理，呵护眼健康。

Abstract: Objective: To understand and analyze the current situation of ametropia of children in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of myopia in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Children from 6 primary schools and 2 kindergartens in Suzhou City, Anhui Province were selected by cluster sampling. Visual acuity, slit lamp, and computerized optometry without cycloplegia were performed, and the statistical analysis was carried out on the inspection results. Results: A total of 10,343 cases were screened, 5649 boys and 4694 girls, including 4788 cases of ametropia, with the detection rate of 46.29%; myopia were 4357 cases, with a detection rate of 42.13%, including 2348 boys and 2009 girls; the detection rates of ametropia in kindergarten and grades 1~6 were 21.43%, 24.48%, 41.82%, 50.13%, 63.19%, 66.89% and 73.52%, the detection rate of ametropia was increasing in all grades (P < 0.001); the rate of myopia in each grade was 19.13%, 19.46%, 36.86%, 46.01%, 59.30%, 63.76% and 70.89% respectively, the rate of myopia in different grades is on the rise (P < 0.001); there was no statistically significant difference in the number of children with mild, moderate, and severe myopia in kindergarten and grade one (P > 0.05), the severity of myopia increased in grades 2~6 (P < 0.001); the detection rate of myopia was 42.80% in girls and 41.56% for boys, indicating that girls are 1.03 times more likely to be nearsighted than boys, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of myopia severity between different sexes in different grades (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The detection rate of ametropia, myopia and the severity of myopia increased with age in children in Suzhou City. The problem of children’s myopia can not be ignored; it is necessary to strengthen the management of children’s eyesight and protect their eye health.