在“新事实–新规范”路径下对虚拟财产的解释

The Interpretation of Virtual Property under the “New Facts-New Norms” Path

摘要: 随着数字生存的深入，虚拟财产已成为重要的社会财富形式。然而，中国民法典第27条的声明性条款未能解决其实际的定性和补救问题。本文主张采用“新事实–新规范”的解释路径：在“新事实”层面，识别虚拟财产的数字形式、规范性形式、聚合形式及其基于“持有逻辑”和“架构控制”的内生价值；在“新规范”层面，摒弃传统的“财产权与债权人权利”二元对立，建立以“数据作权”为法律利益核心、以“结构性产权”为秩序基础的新权利体系。同时，该条强调法律秩序的统一，主张刑事领域恢复财产法律权益，并确立以“私钥控制”为核心的占有判定标准。最后，通过加强网络运营商的安全义务，构建了数字时代新的财产法秩序。

Abstract: With the deepening of digital existence, virtual property has become an important form of social wealth. However, the declarative provisions of Article 27 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China failed to address its actual qualitative and remedial issues. This article advocates adopting the interpretive path of “new facts-new norms”: at the “new facts” level, identify the digital form, normative form, aggregated form of virtual property and its endogenous value based on “holding logic” and “architectural control”; At the “new norms” level, the traditional binary opposition of “property rights and creditor rights” is abandoned, and a new rights system is established with “data as the core of legal interests” and “structural property rights” as the order foundation. At the same time, this article emphasizes the unity of the legal order, advocates the restoration of property legal rights and interests in the criminal field, and establishes a possession determination standard centered on “private key control”. Finally, by strengthening the security obligations of network operators, a new property law order in the digital age has been established.