自动驾驶的风险类型与法律规制

Risk Types and Legal Regulation of Autonomous Driving

摘要: 随着自动驾驶技术从实验室迈向实际应用，其多维风险日益显现：技术层面存在感知决策偏差与复杂路况应对不足；运营环节面临人车混行导致的责任主体模糊；数据安全与隐私保护亦存在隐患。当前法律体系应对不足：责任规则滞后于“人机共驾”新模式，技术标准缺乏强制力，数据治理框架尚不完善。亟需构建协同治理体系：建立以技术缺陷为导向的责任追溯机制，制定统一技术标准并实施全周期监管，完善数据安全立法，通过跨部门协作实现创新与规制的平衡，为自动驾驶规模化应用提供制度保障。

Abstract: With the development of autonomous driving technology from laboratory to practical application, its multi-dimensional risks are increasingly apparent: there are perceptual decision-making deviations and insufficient response to complex road conditions at the technical level; The operation link faces the ambiguity of the responsible subject caused by the mixed traffic of people and vehicles; There are also hidden dangers in data security and privacy protection. The current legal system is inadequate: the responsibility rules lag behind the new mode of “man-machine driving together”, the technical standards are not mandatory, and the data governance framework is not perfect. It is urgent to build a collaborative governance system: establish a technical defect-oriented responsibility traceability mechanism, formulate unified technical standards and implement full-cycle supervision, improve data security legislation, achieve a balance between innovation and regulation through inter-departmental cooperation, and provide institutional guarantee for the large-scale application of autonomous driving.