碳酸盐岩上覆红土形成机制研究进展
Research Progress on the Formation Mechanism of Terra Rossa Overlying Carbonate Rocks
摘要: 红土是热带、亚热带岩溶地区广泛分布于碳酸盐岩上的特殊性土类。长期以来，红土成因存在较大争议，分歧在于红土的物质主体究竟是下伏基岩的原地风化残积物，还是外源输入的沉积物。本文系统梳理全球碳酸盐岩上覆红土研究的核心进展，明确中国西南喀斯特地区以原地风化残积学说为主导、地中海沿岸地区以外源搬运沉积学说为核心的区域分异特征，深入总结了不溶残渣贡献能力、物质来源多元性、红土化作用演化等核心争议与热点问题，剖析了气候、地质等要素对红土成因的耦合驱动机制，并展望未来研究方向，为该领域的深入研究提供参考。
Abstract: Terra rossa is a special soil type widely distributed over carbonate rocks in tropical and subtropical karst regions. The genesis of terra rossa has long been subject to considerable controversy, with the core dispute centering on whether the main material composition of this soil is derived from autochthonous residual sediments generated by the in-situ weathering of underlying bedrock or from allochthonous transported sediments input from external sources. This paper systematically reviews the core research progress on terra rossa overlying carbonate rocks worldwide, clarifies the regional differentiation characteristics that the autochthonous weathering-residual theory dominates in the karst areas of Southwest China while the allochthonous transport-deposition theory prevails in the coastal regions of the Mediterranean. It further summarizes the key controversies and research hotspots, including the contribution capacity of insoluble residues, the material source diversity, and the evolution of ferrallitization. Moreover, this paper analyzes the coupled driving mechanism of climate, geology and other factors on terra rossa genesis, and prospects future research directions, so as to provide a reference for in-depth studies in this field.
文章引用：芮建雄. 碳酸盐岩上覆红土形成机制研究进展[J]. 地理科学研究, 2026, 15(1): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.12677/gser.2026.151013

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