农村留守老人数字融入困境研究——基于苏北G村的田野调查

Research on the Digital Integration Dilemma of Left-Behind Elderly in Rural Areas—Fieldwork Based on Village G in Northern Jiangsu Province

摘要: 随着国家数字乡村战略的深入推进，农村留守老人的数字融入问题已成为关乎社会公平与乡村振兴的重要议题。本研究以江苏省北部典型的劳务输出村庄——G村为案例，通过为期三个月的田野调查，综合运用深度访谈、参与式观察及问卷调查法，对农村留守老人在数字时代面临的融入困境进行微观实证考察。本研究通过对苏北劳务输出典型村G村的田野调查，揭示农村留守老人数字融入面临接入、使用与认同三重困境。物质层面表现为使用廉价旧设备与流量不足形成的浅层接入；能力层面体现为技能高度局限于基础娱乐功能，对实用与安全功能普遍回避；社会层面则呈现数字互动未能弥补情感空缺，传统社区互助反而被削弱。研究表明，该困境是基础设施、社区支持缺失与个体能力衰减共同作用的结果。破解之道需超越简单培训，构建“社区支持 + 适老产品 + 慢速反哺”的系统性赋能网络，才能真正助力留守老人跨越数字鸿沟，共享发展成果。

Abstract: With the deepening implementation of the national Digital Rural Strategy, the issue of digital integration among rural left-behind elderly has become a critical matter concerning social equity and rural revitalization. This study takes Village G, a typical labor-exporting village in northern Jiangsu Province, as a case study. Through three months of fieldwork, it employs a combination of in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and questionnaire surveys to conduct a micro-empirical investigation into the integration challenges faced by rural left-behind elderly in the digital era. Based on fieldwork in Village G, a representative labor-exporting village in northern Jiangsu, this research reveals that rural left-behind elderly face a triple dilemma in digital integration: access, usage, and identity. At the material level, it manifests as “superficial access” due to the use of cheap, outdated devices and insufficient data plans. At the capability level, it is reflected in the highly “narrowed” skills limited to basic entertainment functions, with widespread avoidance of practical and safety-related applications. At the social level, digital interactions fail to compensate for emotional voids, while traditional community support is further weakened. The study indicates that this dilemma results from the combined effects of inadequate infrastructure, lack of community support, and declining individual capabilities. To address this, solutions must go beyond simple training and instead establish a systematic empowerment network of “community support + age-friendly products + slow-paced intergenerational guidance”. Only through such an approach can left-behind elderly truly bridge the digital divide and share in the benefits of development.