|
[1]
|
Bray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R.L., Soerjomataram, I., et al. (2024) Global Cancer Statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 74, 229-263. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[2]
|
梁滢昀, 杨莹, 陆舜. 非小细胞肺癌治疗年度进展2024 [J]. 中华医学杂志, 2025, 105(22): 1855-1863.
|
|
[3]
|
Gillespie, C.S., Mustafa, M.A., Richardson, G.E., Alam, A.M., Lee, K.S., Hughes, D.M., et al. (2023) Genomic Alterations and the Incidence of Brain Metastases in Advanced and Metastatic NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 18, 1703-1713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[4]
|
Sperduto, P.W., Yang, T.J., Beal, K., et al. (2017) Estimating Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases: An Update of the Graded Prognostic Assessment for Lung Cancer Using Molecular Markers (Lung-molGPA). JAMA Oncology, 3, 827-831.
|
|
[5]
|
Liu, L., Bai, H., Seery, S., Li, S., Wang, C., Xue, P., et al. (2021) Efficacy and Safety of Treatment Modalities across EGFR Selected/Unselected Populations with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Lung Cancer, 158, 74-84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[6]
|
Morris, Z.S., Demaria, S., Monjazeb, A.M., Formenti, S.C., Weichselbaum, R.R., Welsh, J., et al. (2025) Proceedings of the National Cancer Institute Workshop on Combining Immunotherapy with Radiotherapy: Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Translation. The Lancet Oncology, 26, e152-e170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[7]
|
Chen, Z., Duan, X., Qiao, S. and Zhu, X. (2023) Radiotherapy Combined with PD‐1/PD‐l1 Inhibitors in NSCLC Brain Metastases Treatment: The Mechanisms, Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges. Cancer Medicine, 12, 995-1006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[8]
|
Tagore, S., Caprio, L., Amin, A.D., et al. (2025) Single-Cell and Spatial Genomic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. Nature Medicine, 31, 1351-1363.
|
|
[9]
|
Liu, M., Jagodinsky, J.C., Callahan, S.C., Minne, R.L., Johnson, D.B., Tomlins, S.A., et al. (2025) Genomic and Immune Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. JCO Precision Oncology, 9, e2400690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[10]
|
Rizvi, N.A., Hellmann, M.D., Snyder, A., Kvistborg, P., Makarov, V., Havel, J.J., et al. (2015) Mutational Landscape Determines Sensitivity to PD-1 Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Science, 348, 124-128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[11]
|
Powell, A.M., Watson, L., Luzietti, L., Prekovic, S., Young, L.S. and Varešlija, D. (2025) The Epigenetic Landscape of Brain Metastasis. Oncogene, 44, 2227-2239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[12]
|
Demaria, S., Coleman, C.N. and Formenti, S.C. (2016) Radiotherapy: Changing the Game in Immunotherapy. Trends in Cancer, 2, 286-294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[13]
|
Xiao, G., Li, L., Tanzhu, G., Liu, Z., Gao, X., Wan, X., et al. (2023) Heterogeneity of Tumor Immune Microenvironment of EGFR/ALK-Positive Tumors versus EGFR/ALK-Negative Tumors in Resected Brain Metastases from Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 11, e006243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[14]
|
Parida, P.K. and Malladi, S. (2025) Metabolic Adaptations of Brain Metastasis. Nature Reviews Cancer, 25, 723-739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[15]
|
Yi, Y., Xu, W., Yu, H., Luo, Y., Zeng, F., Luo, D., et al. (2025) Integrated Multi-Omics Reveals Glycolytic Gene Signatures of Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastasis and the Impact of Rac2 Lactylation on Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Journal of Translational Medicine, 23, Article No. 1193. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[16]
|
Zhao, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Du, P. and Cao, A. (2025) Immuno-Inflammatory Signature for Predicting Therapeutic Response and Survival after Stereotactic Radiosurgery in NSCLC Patients with Brain Metastases: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, Article ID: 1739812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[17]
|
Wei, C.Z., Shanahan, R., Puccio, D., et al. (2025) A Comparison of Outcomes after Radiosurgery in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with One versus More than Twenty Brain Metastases: An International Multi-Center Study. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 174, 645-652.
|
|
[18]
|
曹菁璟, 曹璐, 单书灿. 多发性脑转移瘤立体定向放疗不同放疗技术剂量学研究[J]. 肿瘤学杂志, 2025, 31(5): 409-418.
|
|
[19]
|
Zheng, S., Ding, S., Liu, B., Xiong, Y., Zhou, R., Zhang, P., et al. (2025) Efficacy and Safety of Online Adaptive Magnetic Resonance-Guided Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (GASTO-1075): A Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial. eClinicalMedicine, 82, Article 103189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[20]
|
Zhou, R., Zheng, S., Wang, D., Dong, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, T., et al. (2025) Efficacy and Safety of Combining Bevacizumab and Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Extensive Brain Metastases in Patients with Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Study (GASTO‐1053). Cancer Communications, 45, 1739-1754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[21]
|
Mehta, M.P., Gondi, V., Ahluwalia, M.S., et al. (2025) Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy after Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results of the Phase 3 METIS Study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 124, 278-293.
|
|
[22]
|
de Boisanger, J., Tran, A., Benjamin, P., Konadu, J., Henderson, J., Thomas, K., et al. (2025) Dose-Resposnse Modelling of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: Preliminary Prospective Data from the SAFER Study (IRAS 276567). Radiotherapy and Oncology, 211, Article 111067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[23]
|
Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T.J., Eccles, J.D., Rouhani, S.J., Peske, J.D., et al. (2015) Structural and Functional Features of Central Nervous System Lymphatic Vessels. Nature, 523, 337-341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[24]
|
Paisana, E., Cascão, R., Alvoeiro, M., Félix, F., Martins, G., Guerreiro, C., et al. (2025) Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases. npj Precision Oncology, 9, Article No. 130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[25]
|
Hegde, P.S., Wallin, J.J. and Mancao, C. (2018) Predictive Markers of Anti-VEGF and Emerging Role of Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Immunotherapeutics. Seminars in Cancer Biology, 52, 117-124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[26]
|
Goldberg, S.B., Schalper, K.A., Gettinger, S.N., Mahajan, A., Herbst, R.S., Chiang, A.C., et al. (2020) Pembrolizumab for Management of Patients with NSCLC and Brain Metastases: Long-Term Results and Biomarker Analysis from a Non-Randomised, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial. The Lancet Oncology, 21, 655-663. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[27]
|
Powell, S.F., Rodríguez-Abreu, D., Langer, C.J., Tafreshi, A., Paz-Ares, L., Kopp, H., et al. (2021) Outcomes with Pembrolizumab Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Patients with NSCLC and Stable Brain Metastases: Pooled Analysis of KEYNOTE-021,-189, and-407. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 16, 1883-1892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[28]
|
Hou, X., Zhou, C., Wu, G., Lin, W., Xie, Z., Zhang, H., et al. (2023) Efficacy, Safety, and Health-Related Quality of Life with Camrelizumab Plus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Nonsquamous NSCLC with Brain Metastases (CAP-BRAIN): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Study. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 18, 769-779. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[29]
|
Hou, X., Zhou, C., Wu, G., Lin, W., Xie, Z., Zhang, H., et al. (2025) First-Line Camrelizumab Plus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin for Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases (CAP-BRAIN): Final Results of a Multicentre, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial in China. eClinicalMedicine, 90, Article 103638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[30]
|
Nadal, E., Rodríguez-Abreu, D., Simó, M., Massutí, B., Juan, O., Huidobro, G., et al. (2023) Phase II Trial of Atezolizumab Combined with Carboplatin and Pemetrexed for Patients with Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Untreated Brain Metastases (Atezo-Brain, GECP17/05). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 41, 4478-4485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[31]
|
Wang, L., Hao, X., Hao, Y., et al. (2025) First-Line Serplulimab Plus Chemotherapy with or without HLX04 versus Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ASTRUM-002): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Multicentre Phase 3 Trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. Online Ahead of Print.
|
|
[32]
|
Nadal, E., Cantero, A., Paz-Ares, L. and Ortega, A.L. (2025) OA05.03 NIVIPI-Brain: Phase 2 Study of Nivolumab + Ipilimumab Combined with Chemotherapy in NSCLC with Synchronous Brain Metastases. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 20, S19-S20.
|
|
[33]
|
Chen, L.K., Hou, X., Wu, G., Jiang, G., Pu, Q., Hui, Y., et al. (2025) MA10.01 Phase II Trial of Serplulimab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy for Treatment-Naïve Non-Squamous NSCLC with Brain Metastases (SUPER Brain). Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 20, S95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[34]
|
Le, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammed, T., Burney, H., Zang, Y., Frye, D., et al. (2022) Local and Distant Brain Control in Melanoma and NSCLC Brain Metastases with Concurrent Radiosurgery and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 158, 481-488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[35]
|
Kotecha, R., Kim, J.M., Miller, J.A., Juloori, A., Chao, S.T., Murphy, E.S., et al. (2019) The Impact of Sequencing PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients with Brain Metastasis. Neuro-Oncology, 21, 1060-1068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[36]
|
Mittal, A., Green, A., Fitzgerald, X., Spain, L., Phillips, C., Wirth, A., et al. (2025) Impact of Stereotactic Radiosurgery Timing Relative to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Administration on Brain Metastasis Disease and Radionecrosis Outcomes. Neuro-Oncology Advances, 7, vdaf130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[37]
|
Xu, Y., Chen, K., Xu, Y., Li, H., Huang, Z., Lu, H., et al. (2025) Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Camrelizumab and Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases (C-Brain): A Multicentre, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Trial. The Lancet Oncology, 26, 74-84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[38]
|
Altan, M., Beckham, T., Song, J., Welsh, J., Guha-Thakurta, N., Carter, B., et al. (2025) MA10.05 Phase I/II Study of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab with Concurrent Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Metastases from NSCLC. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 20, S97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[39]
|
Li, Y., Yu, Q., Bu, Q., Lin, L., Ning, F., Zhao, Y., et al. (2025) First-Line Camrelizumab versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy with or without Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases in NSCLC: The CTONG 2003 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 20, 928-940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[40]
|
Guo, T., Zhou, Y., Liang, F., Wang, Z., Bourbonne, V., Käsmann, L., et al. (2023) Association of Previously Irradiated Stable Brain Metastases with Outcomes of Atezolizumab‐Treated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data from Three Randomized Trials. Cancer Communications, 44, 278-281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[41]
|
Guo, T., Zhou, Y., Liang, F., Wang, Z., Bourbonne, V., Käsmann, L., et al. (2024) Potential Synergistic Effects of Cranial Radiotherapy and Atezolizumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Analysis of Individual Patient Data from Seven Prospective Trials. Translational Lung Cancer Research, 13, 126-138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[42]
|
Lehrer, E.J., Khosla, A.A., Ozair, A., Gurewitz, J., Bernstein, K., Kondziolka, D., et al. (2023) Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An International Multicenter Study of 395 Patients. Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 165, 63-77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[43]
|
Kowalski, E.S., Remick, J.S., Sun, K., Alexander, G.S., Khairnar, R., Morse, E., et al. (2020) Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Radiation for Brain Metastases. Radiation Oncology, 15, Article No. 245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[44]
|
Yarlagadda, S., Tolakanahalli, R., Zhang, Y., Wieczorek, D.J., Bejarano, T., Lee, Y.C., et al. (2026) Quantifying Risk of Radiation Necrosis: Normal Tissue Complication Probability Modeling Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Small Brain Metastases in the Modern Era. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 214, Article 111266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[45]
|
Vaios, E.J., Shenker, R.F., Hendrickson, P.G., et al. (2025) Symptomatic Necrosis with Dual Immune-Checkpoint Inhibition and Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases. JAMA Network Open, 8, e254347.
|
|
[46]
|
Ortiz de Mendivil, A., Martín-Medina, P., García-Cañamaque, L., Jiménez-Munarriz, B., Ciérvide, R. and Diamantopoulos, J. (2024) Challenges in Radiological Evaluation of Brain Metastases, Beyond Progression. Radiología (English Edition), 66, 166-180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[47]
|
Ni, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, S., Guo, T., Hu, J., Chu, Q., et al. (2022) A Brief Report on Incidence, Radiographic Feature and Prognostic Significance of Brain MRI Changes after Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 71, 1275-1280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[48]
|
Xiong, J., Shi, W., Huang, Y., Jian, H., Xu, Z., Tang, H., et al. (2025) Impact of Baseline Glucocorticoid Use on the Efficacy of Immunotherapy Combined with Intracranial Radiotherapy in NSCLC Patients with Brain Metastases. Neuro-Oncology Advances, 7, vdaf158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|