肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的研究进展与临床应用现状

Progress and Clinical Application of Renal Resection for Renal Cell Carcinoma

摘要: 肾细胞癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一，随着影像学检查技术的普及，局限性肾癌的检出率逐年升高。肾部分切除术作为肾单位保护的重要手段，在保证肿瘤切除安全性的同时，有助于最大限度保留正常肾功能，已逐渐成为肾癌治疗的重要方式。近年来，随着腹腔镜技术及机器人辅助手术系统的不断发展，肾部分切除术的手术方式、适应证及临床应用策略均发生了显著变化。本文围绕肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的研究进展与临床应用现状进行综述，重点总结其技术演变、临床应用特点、疗效与安全性评价以及影响疗效和预后的相关研究进展，并对当前存在的问题及未来发展方向进行探讨，以期为临床合理选择手术方式及优化治疗策略提供参考。

Abstract: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common malignant tumors of the urinary system. With the widespread use of imaging techniques, the detection rate of localized RCC has increased annually. Partial nephrectomy, as an important means of preserving nephrons, ensures the safety of tumor resection while maximizing the preservation of normal renal function, and has gradually become a critical approach in the treatment of RCC. In recent years, with the continuous development of laparoscopic techniques and robotic-assisted surgical systems, significant changes have occurred in the surgical methods, indications, and clinical application strategies of partial nephrectomy. This article reviews the research progress and clinical application status of partial nephrectomy for RCC, focusing on its technical evolution, clinical characteristics, efficacy and safety evaluation, as well as related research advancements affecting outcomes and prognosis. It also discusses current challenges and future directions to provide references for the rational selection of surgical approaches and optimization of treatment strategies in clinical practice.