载重状态对某三编组铰接式客车侧倾影响分析

Analysis of the Effects of Loading Conditions on the Roll Behavior of a Three-Unit Articulated Bus

摘要: 本文围绕三编组铰接式客车转向过程中的车身侧倾动力学特性开展系统研究。基于MATLAB平台建立整车七自由度横摆–侧倾耦合动力学模型，并引入Fiala轮胎模型以表征轮胎侧向力的非线性特性。在满足相关国家标准约束条件下，设置角阶跃转向工况，对整备、满载及超载三种载重状态进行组合分析，系统对比三编组铰接客车的侧倾角、侧倾角速度及横向载荷转移特性。研究结果表明，在车辆实际运营中应避免第1、3节车整备而第2节车超载，或第1、3节车超载而第2节车整备的载荷分配形式；同时，车辆单元沿纵向由前向后侧倾响应逐渐增强，侧倾稳定性呈现明显的逐级劣化特征。

Abstract: This study systematically investigates the body roll dynamics of a three-unit articulated bus during steering maneuvers. A full-vehicle seven-degree-of-freedom yaw-roll coupled dynamic model is developed on the MATLAB platform, in which the Fiala tire model is incorporated to capture the nonlinear characteristics of tire lateral forces. Subject to relevant national standard constraints, step-steering inputs are applied, and combined analyses are conducted under curb, fully loaded, and overloaded conditions. The roll angle, roll rate, and lateral load transfer characteristics of the three-unit articulated bus are comparatively evaluated. The results indicate that, in practical operation, load distribution patterns in which the first and third units are in the curb condition while the second unit is overloaded, or the first and third units are overloaded while the second unit is in the curb condition, should be avoided. Moreover, the roll response of vehicle units progressively intensifies from the front to the rear along the longitudinal direction, leading to a pronounced stepwise deterioration in roll stability.