数字贸易规则加速生产环节优化

Digital Trade Rules Accelerate the Optimization of Production Processes

摘要: 中国近年来积极参与全球价值链，依靠人口红利和生产要素低成本等优势，贸易规模迅速扩张，但同时面临全球价值链分工地位偏低的窘境。在如今全球经济发展乏力的背景下，处于全球价值链分工地位较高的经济体对全球价值链分工地位较低的经济体的挤压导致这些经济体生产工序升级缓慢，推动制造业向全球价值链高端生产工序攀升成为以中国为代表的发展中国家的共同目标。各国对数字贸易的签订也越来越重视，越来越多有关电子商务、知识产权以及数据流动的相关条款被写入新的贸易协定。因此，探寻数字贸易规则对生产环节优化是否影响且通过何种机制影响生产环节优化，同时探寻该影响在生产环节优化水平层面以及数字贸易规则细分层面是否呈现异质性将为我国突破全球价值链“低端锁定”的困境，向全球价值链高端生产工序攀升提供重要的参考价值。本文参考已有的研究理论以及核算方法，厘清了数字贸易规则深度对生产环节优化的推动机制，得出相应的结论和建议。

Abstract: In recent years, China has actively participated in the global value chain, relying on advantages such as its demographic dividend and low-cost production factors. While its trade volume has expanded rapidly, it still faces the dilemma of occupying a relatively low position in the global value chain. Against the backdrop of sluggish global economic growth, the pressure exerted by economies with higher positions in the global value chain on those with lower positions has led to slow upgrading of production processes. Promoting the ascent of manufacturing to high-end production processes in the global value chain has become a common goal for developing countries represented by China. Countries are increasingly paying attention to the signing of digital trade agreements, with more and more provisions related to e-commerce, intellectual property, and data flows being included in new trade agreements. Therefore, exploring whether digital trade rules affect the optimization of production processes and through what mechanisms they exert this effect, as well as examining whether this impact varies at different levels of production process optimization and across different aspects of digital trade rules, will provide important reference value for China to break through the “low-end lock-in” dilemma in the global value chain and ascend to high-end production processes. This paper draws on existing theoretical research and accounting methods to clarify the mechanisms through which the depth of digital trade rules promotes the optimization of production processes and offers corresponding conclusions and recommendations.