职高生焦虑、抑郁情绪状况调查及影响因素分析

Survey on the Anxiety and Depression Emotional State of Vocational High School Students and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

摘要: 目的：系统分析职高生群体焦虑、抑郁情绪的发生现状，探讨其影响因素，旨在为家长和学校促进学生心理健康提供依据。方法：(1) 采用整群抽样方式，对职业高中某专业学生进行横断面问卷调查。(2) 本次研究的数据使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。计数资料采用频数(%)进行描述；组间采用卡方检验进行比较；采用多因素Logistic回归对影响因素分析，P < 0.05表明研究结果具有统计学意义。分析影响职高生焦虑、抑郁情绪阳性率的影响因素。结果：(1) 共回收有效问卷529份。其中GAD-7筛查问卷阳性组共133人，占总人数的25.14%。PHQ-9筛查问卷阳性组共204人，占总人数的38.56%。(2) 单因素分析结果详见表1。多因素Logistic回归进一步显示，入睡困难、师生关系紧张、心理健康状态自评不良是职高生焦虑与抑郁情绪的共同危险因素；睡眠安稳对二者均具保护作用；焦虑情绪额外受家庭环境影响；抑郁情绪与父母情感、睡眠节律、学习成绩、上学感受相关，且性格外向为其保护因素，结果均具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，详见表2。结论：本研究揭示职高生情绪问题的多维度影响因素，为家庭、学校制定精准干预策略提供实证依据。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression among vocational high school students, explore their influencing factors, and provide a basis for parents and schools to promote students’ mental health. Methods: (1) A cluster sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among students of a major in a vocational high school. (2) The data of this study were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Enumeration data were described by frequency (%). The chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors, and P < 0.05 indicated that the research results were statistically significant. The influencing factors of the positive rates of anxiety and depression among vocational high school students were analyzed. Results: (1) A total of 529 valid questionnaires were recovered. Among them, 133 students were in the positive group of the GAD-7 screening questionnaire, accounting for 25.14% of the total number. There were 204 students in the positive group of the PHQ-9 screening questionnaire, accounting for 38.56% of the total number. (2) The results of univariate analysis are detailed in Table 1. Multivariate Logistic regression further revealed that difficulty falling asleep, strained teacher-student relationships, and poor self-rated mental health status are common risk factors for anxiety and depression among vocational high school students; sound sleep exerts a protective effect on both conditions; anxiety is additionally influenced by family environment; depression is associated with parental affection, sleep rhythm, academic performance, and feelings about going to school, with extraversion being a protective factor for it. All these results are statistically significant (P < 0.05) and are detailed in Table 2. Conclusion: This study reveals the multidimensional influencing factors of emotional problems among vocational high school students, providing an empirical basis for families and schools to formulate targeted intervention strategies.