大学生性别角色认同和职业性别刻板印象的关系研究

The Relationship between Gender Roles Identity and Occupational Gender Stereotypes among College Students

摘要: 目的：探讨大学生性别角色与职业性别刻板印象的关系。方法：采用性别角色量表对四川某高校大学生进行测量，并在完成问卷的被试中选取自愿参加内隐联想测验(Implicit Association Test, IAT)实验者，剔除无效数据后最终获得169名有效被试。结果：大学生四种性别角色类型分布由高到低依次为双性化(38.5%)、未分化(23.6%)、女性化(20.1%)、男性化(17.8%)；大学生普遍存在显著的职业性别刻板印象(t = 11.324, p < 0.001)；不同性别角色类型在内隐职业性别刻板印象上的差异未达到显著水平(F = 1.369, p > 0.05)。结论：大学生群体中双性化性别角色类型占比最高，且大学生普遍存在职业性别刻板印象，即倾向于认为男性更适合从事专业技术类职业，女性更适合从事服务类职业，但不同的性别角色类型的大学生的职业性别刻板印象无显著差异。

Abstract: Objective: To examine the relationship between gender roles identity and occupational gender stereotypes among college students. Methods: Gender role identity was assessed among college students from a college in Sichuan Province using a gender role scale. Participants who volunteered to take part in the Implicit Association Test (IAT) were selected from those who completed the questionnaire. After excluding invalid data, a final sample of 169 valid participants was obtained. Results: The distribution of gender role types among college students, from highest to lowest, was androgynous (38.5%), undifferentiated (23.6%), feminine (20.1%), and masculine (17.8%). The results indicated that college students exhibited significant occupational gender stereotypes (t = 11.324, p < 0.001). However, differences in implicit occupational gender stereotypes across different gender role types did not reach statistical significance (F = 1.369, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Androgynous gender roles were the most prevalent among college students, and occupational gender stereotypes were commonly observed. Specifically, students tended to associate males with technical and professional occupations and females with service-oriented occupations. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in occupational gender stereotypes among college students with different gender role types.