轻微罪犯罪记录附条件封存制度构建探索

Exploration on the Construction of a Conditional Sealing System for Minor Criminal Records

摘要: 受当前积极刑法观影响，我国轻罪化趋势持续发展，日益增多的轻微罪数量与愈发冗杂的犯罪记录规定导致司法实践中罪刑失衡现象频发。原有的未成年人犯罪记录封存制度已难以回应当下理论界与实务界对于修缮前科制度以及将犯罪记录封存制度扩展适用至成年人的迫切需求，也为社会秩序的和谐稳定埋下隐患。轻微罪犯罪记录封存制度之构建应充分体现中国特色，在总结当前前科制度之隐患和借鉴国内外现有经验的基础上，厘清轻微罪之概念，明确附条件适用之范围，建立完善的配套监督、纠错制度，并将确保个人信息安全作为制度构建之关键。

Abstract: Affected by the current positive criminal law perspective, the trend of misdemeanorization has been continuously advancing in China. The increasing number of minor crimes and the increasingly complex regulations on criminal records have led to frequent occurrences of imbalance between crime and punishment in judicial practice. The existing juvenile criminal record sealing system can no longer meet the urgent demands from both academic and practical circles for reforming the criminal record system and extending the application of record sealing to adults, which also poses potential risks to the harmony and stability of social order. The construction of a misdemeanor criminal record sealing system should fully embody Chinese characteristics. On the basis of summarizing the defects of the current criminal record system and drawing on domestic and international experience, we should clarify the definition of misdemeanors, specify the scope of conditional application, establish a sound supporting supervision and correction mechanism, and take the protection of personal information security as the core of the system construction.